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21 May help needed

Compare my response (SF) with the responses of Number 1,2 and 3 or ask a relevant, meaningful question that will help you understand the concepts better.

SF:

Analyzing with ANOVA

Design a study that would fit the requirements for a one-way ANOVA the within the sports and exercise psychology field

The one-way analysis of variance ANOVA is crucial in the determination of the presence or absence of a statistically significant difference in the means of at least two independent variables that are unrelated. Usually, the ANOVA works well with at least three independent variables (Evans, 2012). This analysis can be used with numerical and categorical data.

An example of a study in sports and exercise psychology that would be analyzed using the ANOVA would be the levels of frustration to a team and the players when they lose a crucial match across the games of hockey, Soccer, and American football.

Variables

The Independent variables in this study will be the psychological frustration levels teams playing in the three different team sports after a crucial game that ended in a loss for the team. These are hockey game, the soccer team and the American football teams. These frustration levels across the three different games are to be compared with each other to identify whether there is any statistical difference or similarity.

Since this is a one-way ANOVA analysis, the analysis focuses on the independent variable only. However, the dependent variable is the loss of a crucial game across these three sporting areas.

Null and alternative hypotheses

H0. Frustration levels are the same across the three sports

H1. Some of the games have higher levels of frustration

Conditions under which you would use a post hoc test

When one is conducting several independent variable tests simultaneously, it is essential to use the Post hoc test to overcome the tendency of arriving at favorable outcomes. Usually, running several such tests increase the probability of having a significant result will increase with each experiment undertaken (Howell, 2012).

References

Evans, J. R. (2012). Statistics, Data Analysis, and Decision Modeling (5 ed.). pearson .

Howell, D. C. (2012). Statistical Methods for Psychology. Cengage.

#1 LP

Analysis of variance (ANOVA) is a method used to compare three of more means or even, at times, to compare two means. When two or more group means are compared for statistical significance the ANOVA is termed a one-way ANOVA of variance (Christensen, 2013). This is when there is one independent variable that has three or more categories or levels. For each category there is data. This data is used to find the mean. Then the three means are compared to one another.  The statistical test used in ANOVA’s to compare means follows the F distribution.

Usually, the F distribution is a probability distribution that is skewed to the right. The statistically significant value of an F test only indicates that at least two of the means are significantly different from one another. It does not determine which exact mean pairs are significantly different. In order to do so, a post hoc analysis is conducted. This can only be done if the overall F value from ANOVA is significant (Miller, 2014). The post hoc analysis compares every pairing of categories to identify which two are different from each other.

A sports psychologist wants to know if there is a difference between mile times in the pool for the three training groups. The independent variable for this study is the three training groups. The dependent variable for this study is the mile times in the pool. The null hypothesis states that there will not be a difference in the means of the three training groups. The alternative hypothesis states that there is at least one training group mean significantly different from another group mean, or at least two training groups means are significantly different.

References

Christensen, L. B., Johnson, R. B., Turner, L. A. (07/2013). Research Methods, Design, and Analysis, 12th Edition. [Argosy University]. Retrieved from https://digitalbookshelf.argosy.edu/#/books/9781323305720/

Miller, D. K. (2014). Measurement by the Physical Educator Why and How (7th ed.). New York, NY: McGraw-Hill.

#2 JJ

The statistical procedure for testing variation among the means of more than two groups is called the analysis of variance (ANOVA)” (Aron, Aron and Coups, 2011).  The ANOVA test is used to examine hypothesis and decide if you should reject the null hypothesis or accept the alternative hypothesis.  The null hypothesis is considered to be a hypothesis that can be nullified or rejected and replaced with an alternative hypothesis.  The independent variable is the variable that is unaffected by the research in question.  The dependent variable is those that are affected by the independent variable and other factors.  Poc hoc test is done after the study has been completed to analyze the data and look for patterns.

The research study that I propose is that consuming water only prior to a marathon decreases the chance of exhaustion in marathon runners.  The null hypothesis would be that consuming water only does decrease the chance of exhaustion in marathon runners.  In this study, I am trying to prove that water only contributes to the decreased risk of exhaustion.  The alternative hypothesis could be that sports drinks decreases the chance of exhaustion in marathon runners.  The independent variable is water, with the dependent variable being the number of exhausted marathon runners.  Post hoc test would be used if the data does not support the null hypothesis – that water consumption prior to a marathon does not decrease the chance in exhaustion.  In addition, other factors that may contribute to the decrease of exhaustion would suggest the implication for post hoc testing as well.

Reference

Aron, A., Aron, E. & Coups, E. (2011). Statistics for the behavioral and social sciences: A brief course (5th ed.). Upper Saddle River, New Jersey: Pearson Prentice-Hall.

#3

The one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) is used to determine whether there are any statistically significant differences between the means of two or more independent (unrelated) groups. This is typically used when there are a minimum of three independent variables rather than just two. It is also called a single factor analysis of variance because there is only one independent variable or factor. The independent variable has nominal levels or a few ordered levels (One-way ANOVA in SPSS Statistics).

Determine if the mean GPA is different among men’s collegiate sports teams; track and field versus football versus basketball