23 Jul HOW ARE THESE IONS (HIGHLY CHARGED POLAR MOLECULES) CROSSING THE PLASMA MEMBRANE OF INTESTINAL CELLS AGAINST THEIR GRADIENT?
Sharks living in the ocean accumulate urea in their tissues in order to match the osmolarity of salt Show more Sharks living in the ocean accumulate urea in their tissues in order to match the osmolarity of salt water. Which of the following adaptations allows sharks to survive in freshwater? A. have a tough cell wall that will resist the pressure of water entering the cell B. increase the concentration of urea inside of the cell using active transoirt C. decrease the concentration of urea inside of the cell using facilitated diffusion Cholera is an infection of the small intenstine by some strains of the bacterium Vibrio Cholerae. The classic symptom is large amounts of watery diarrhea that lasts a few days. The cholera bacteria produce a toxin that stimulates the secretion of Na+ k+ Cl- and HCO3- into the lumen (interior space) of the small intestine. How are these ions (highly charged polar molecules) crossing the plasma membrane of intestinal cells against their gradient? a. ions can easily cross the plasma membrane B. the cell had to invest energy in order to concentrate ions outside C. ions will remain outside of the cell even if a sodium channel opens up Show less
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