17 Jun HOW HAVE MANY PARTNERS BEEN ABLE TO COPE WITH DOMESTIC VIOLENCE?
Domestic violence, which is characterized by abuse to a member or members of the family, is turning out to be a major problem in the modern society. Even though everybody is likely to be subjected to domestic abuse, the problem is usually overlooked, denied or excused. The abused persons are most of the time subjected to extreme psychological torture rather than physical abuse. Research has revealed that everyone may have gone through domestic violence at one time or the other (Thio, 2010). In most of the cases, however, the magnitude which this violence occurs does not attract public attention. Domestic violence occurs when a partner in the family tries to gain excessive control over the other person. Some of the major tools used by abusers in domestic violence include: guilt, fear, intimidation and shame (Office for Victims of Crime, 2010). All these are meant to wear the victims down and keep them under the domination of the abuser. Domestic violence is not discriminative; it can occur in all family settings and can even occur in families that are economically stable. Traditionally women are the major victims of domestic violence however, in the modern times more and more men are being abused by their partners (Thio, 2010). The most common form of abuse subjected to men rather than being physical is usually verbal and emotional. It is however, important to note that violence in the family is never acceptable whether it is being subjected to a woman, a man or a child (Safe Alternatives to Violent Environments, 2010).
Problem statement
It is estimated that one out of every four women in the United States experience domestic violence at some point in their life. It has also been revealed that more women suffer from physical violence as compared to men. In critical situations, more women than men are likely to be killed by their intimate partners. The risk of being subjected to domestic violence is higher among women between the ages of 25 and 30 years. Studies have also revealed that every year 1 out of 3 women are killed by either their current of previous intimate partners. As compared to women victims, a larger number of children witness domestic violence almost on a daily basis. The likelihood of children and women, who live in families characterized by domestic violence being neglected, is increasing day by day. A 2005 study in Michigan revealed that most of the children, who are exposed to domestic violence, have a higher propensity to developing psychological health problems (Office for Victims of Crime, 2010).
The psychological impact of domestic violence is more severe on children as compared to adults. A Safe Place Lake County Crisis Center (2010) reveals that more than 60% of domestic violence cases occur at home usually at night. Statistics from the US department of Housing and Urban Development recognizes domestic violence as the third leading cause of family disintegration (Office for Victims of Crime, 2010). The effects of domestic violence are believed have long-term effects on the victims. It is the major cause of lasting depression, anxiety, flashbacks, and other psychological disorders in society. Prolonged violent situations are also likely to contribute to poor health including chronic heart diseases and gastrointestinal problems among others to the victims (Jayne, 2011). Drugs, alcoholism and poverty are classified as the major causes of domestic violence. Health care professionals make it clear that most of the women who seek medical assistance following domestic violence have fewer social and financial resources as women who are not subjected to domestic violence (Jayne, 2011). It is also presumed that boys who witnessed cases of domestic violence have a higher probability of becoming violent later in life. The cost of managing domestic violence is increasing year by year. More money is now required to treat psychological problems, cater for legal processes, manage decreased productivity in companies and mitigate cases of domestic violence than in the past.
Research paradigm
This paper shall employ a critical approach to develop a deeper understanding of the forces behind domestic violence so as the expose ideological justification of those forces. A qualitative analysis of published works and other legitimate sources shall be carried out to understanding the real picture of domestic violence in the modern world and also assist in creating strategies of tackling it. The enquiry shall center on the determination of the general trends of the abused persons, mostly women. The paper aims to gather relevant information supporting the supposition that Social Constructionism can effectively manage domestic violence.
Significance
Effective management of domestic violence besides helping reduce cases of psychological disturbance among the victims acts as a clear way of creating strong families. In order to understand the best strategies through which to prevent future cases of domestic violence, individual centered investigations should be carried out on those who have gone through potentially traumatizing situations at home. This will help reveal the major causes of domestic violence, the manner in which domestic violence is subjected to victims, the kind of psychological support people receive after victimization, the activities that should be carried out to prevent future cases, as well as how the abusers could be assisted to turn away from their violent behavior.
The principal purpose of this study is to understand the major causes of domestic violence, its effects on the victims, and as well determine the most effective strategy of managing domestic violence. Data obtained from this study can be used to develop a domestic violence awareness course. The study shall also outline the most appropriate strategies to assist the abusers to change their delinquent behavior. The data obtained from this study shall be made available to law enforcement agencies, gender based organizations and emergency medical officers since the victims of violence seek direct assistance from these organizations.
Background
The “Social Work” by Bowland, Edmond & Fallot (2012) shall be used in the paper since it provides a clear indication of how various treatment strategies can be employed to assist victims suffering form post traumatic stress. The authors focus primarily on a study that evaluated the effectiveness of treatment sessions done on women who had survived from either domestic abuse or abuse during their childhood. The paper shall also conduct an evaluation of “Punishment for Domestic Violence” by Domestic Violence Attorney (2011) a website article that aims at creating a deeper understanding of the role of punishment, law and law enforcement agencies in preventing cases of domestic violence. In “Leaving Abuse”, Jayne (2011) describes the case of an abused woman, who made up her mind to leave her abusive partner. The article makes it clear that the partner had abused all the female partners he had engaged with. This article is beneficial since it encourages other women in abusive relationships to leave them before it is too late. Information contained in the Virginia Sexual and Domestic Violence Action Alliance, (2010) shall also be used in this paper. This source reveals how people from different agencies can work together in the fight against domestic violence. The alliance plays a significant role in creating awareness among dating persons on the reality of domestic violence and how it can be avoided. It also offers relevant warnings in regards to potential abusive relationships. The works of Thio (2010) shall also be considered since the author looks deeply at various issues related to domestic violence and abuse. The potential causes of abusive violence, the cycle of violence, and the signs of abuse in addition to the importance of seeking social support are also highlighted by the author. As a result, Thio (2010) provides a solid ground on which victims can be assisted to make real life and long-term changes in their lives.
Framework: Social Constructionism to Manage Domestic Violence
After long being socially invisible, domestic violence has been recognised as a major social problem that carries high personal and social costs. Social constructionsim is an approach to management of domestic violence through increased interaction where experiences are shared. This theory focuses on shared meanings and discourse themes whose principal purpose is to either justify violent acts or redefine violence such that it is widely recognised as a social problem. Constructionsim is a theory whereby individuals develop their own reality by way of interacting with others who may have successfully gone through similar scenarios. This theory makes it clear that effective management of domestic violence starts from within. According to Domestic Violence Attorney (2011), the process of overcoming the trauma associated with domestic violence starts when an individual realizes that he/she is in the middle of a problem and there is need to develop internal mechanisms to deal with the problem.
Social constructionsim assumes solutions to domestic violence can only be developed once individuals reevaluate their beliefs, views and assumptions of reality. Bowland, Edmond and Fallot (2012) make it clear that a personal or group’s construction of reality significantly impacts in an individual’s behavior. It has been revealed that most of those subjected to domestic violence are overwhelmed by fear and a sense of powerlessness and helplessness. As a result, they live a life characterized by withdrawal from social activities (Thio, 2010). Social constructionsim helps victims visualize a future devoid of violence in intimate relationships. The victims are assisted to focus their attention on other things that are not stressful. Gray and Hassija (2011) asserts that through video conferencing individuals can be encouraged to reevaluate their strengths and resourcefulness even though these may seem insignificant; this plays a critical role in the construction of a violence free reality as well as the development of individual focused strategies to achieve freedom. The constructionsim theory has it that men form the largest percentage of the population that perpetuates violence. This is based on the fact that their upbringing is to a certain extent unknowingly directed towards that. Social success during childhood is usually assessed in terms of the level of dominance a male child has over the other children. This translates even into marriage; the level of social success a man has is most of the time perceived from the level of dominance that man has in his family (Thio, 2010).
Research Questions
Some of the questions that shall form the basis of this study include: what are the main causes of domestic violence on many households? How have many partners been able to cope with domestic violence? Does psychological education assist in the management of the issues associated with domestic violence? What is the role of psychological professionals in the management of domestic violence? These questions will help get a personal view on domestic violence.
Research Methodology and Design
This study shall employ a qualitative approach where in-depth analysis of various issues associated with domestic violence shall be evaluated. This study will help increase the understanding of domestic violence to help determine the most effective strategy to manage and prevent future cases. It has been revealed that due to lack of cause targeted approach to solve domestic violence this vice has become a common household issue for long now. This study will help get the fine details related to the cause, the effects and management of domestic violence which can be used to support professional education practice.
A qualitative approach through the use of subjective information provides an in-depth examination of the problem in question. It also provides a rich as well as detailed pictorial representation built about why people behave in certain ways. It also helps bring to light the feelings portrayed by individuals as a result of being exposed to certain acts. This approach does not limit itself to the already defined theories of a particular problem. Due to the complex nature of domestic violence, the abusers, and the victims, management of this vice calls for a comprehensive management strategy which can only be developed following a qualitative study. This study shall generate beneficial results that shall be of great use to all parties interested in understanding the real meaning of domestic violence and its impact on society.
Possible Types and Sources of Information or Data
The main sources of data for this paper will be case studies, narrative analysis, historical documents, phenomenological studies and grounded theory mainly focusing on women whom have gone through domestic violence at one point in their lives. More emphasis shall be put on information obtained from women who have managed to successfully handle domestic violence. This shall help understand how they were able to deal with this menace and how the process they embraced to bring about change can be adopted by other persons facing similar problems.
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