Human Biology 106 only Q

27 Jun Human Biology 106 only Q

Question
.gif” alt=”Text box: 1″>EXAM 4 Fall 2010 FORMA

1. Which form of the exam do you have?

A. Form A

B. Form B

2. The HIV virus that causes AIDS specifically attacks and kills helper T cells. This weakens theimmune system because helper T cells:

A. directly destroy cells infected with HIV

B. roam the body looking for “invaders”

C. turn on (activates) the antibody mediated and the cell-mediated defense systems in thebody.

D. produce antibodies

E. turn off the immune response

3. Choose the INCORRECT statement.

A. The antibody-mediated immune response is di rected at antigens that are outside ofcells, free in body fluids.

B.The cell-mediated immune response plays a role in the rejection of organ transplants

C.A macrophage presents the antigen to the appropriate helper T cell.

D.Antibodies are effective against viruses that have inserted their genetic material intothe host cell chromosome.

E. Suppressor T cells shut down the immune response after the “invader” (antigen) hasbeen eliminated from the body.

4. Which part of a vi rus comes f rom a previous host cell? The:

A. genetic information

B. the protein coat (capsid)

C. the envelope

D.none of the above

5. Indicate the choice that contai ns onlyCORRECTstatements.Statements:

1. Antibodies are specific to one particular antigen.

2. Antibodies are held within the cel I that produces them.

3. Antibodies may inactivate (neutralize) a toxi n produced by a bacterium.

4. Antibodies are produced by macrophages.

5. Antibodies can only be effective against antigens that are free in the bloodstream (notwithin cells).

Choices:

A.1, 2, 3

B.2, 3, 4

C.3, 4, 5

D.1, 3, 5

E.1, 3, 4

.gif” alt=”Text box: 2″>6. The immune system helps protect us against cancer because___________attack and kill

cancerous cells that develop.

A. helper T cells

B.B cells

C. cytotoxic T cells

D.all of the above

7. How do viruses gain entry to a host cell?

A. by binding to a receptor site on the host cell

B. by binding to an antibody site on the host cells

C. by dissolving a piece of the host cell membrane

D. all of the above

8. Choose the INCORRECT STATEMENTabout cervical cancer:

A. The human papi I I oma virus (H PV) is thought to be an important cause of cervicalcancer

B. A woman’s risk of getting cervical cancer generally increases with the number of(male) sexual partners she has had.

C. A woman’s risk of getting cervical cancer is lowered if she and her partner(s)consistently use a barrier means of contraception, such as a condom or diaphragm.

D. It can increase a woman’s risk of having an ectopicpregnancy.

E. It can be detected with a Pap test.

9. Your brother confides in you that he has painful, fluid-filled blister-like sores on his penis. Which of the fol I owi ng is most likely to be the cause?

A. syphilis

B. gonorrhea

C. chl amydi a

D. genital warts

E. genital herpes

10. Jennifer is a 28 year-old woman who is having difficulty getting pregnant. After many testsit is determined that the reason for this problem is that she has scar tissue blocking her oviducts(fallopian tubes). The STD that ismost likelyto have caused this is.

A. syphilis

B. gonorrhea

C. chl amydi a

D. genital herpes

E. genital warts

.gif” alt=”Text box: 3″>11.Which of the following directly activates both the cell-mediated immune response and theantibody-mediated immune response?

A. memory B cells

B. helper T cells

C. plasma cells

D. cytotoxic T cells

E. suppressor T cells

12. An antigen is a:

A. cell that produces antibodies

B. receptor on the surface of a lymphocyte that recognizes invaders

C. memory cell that causes a quick response to an invader when it is encountered asecond time

D. a large molecule on the surface of an invader that triggers an immune response

E. none of the above

13. Your friend Joe has been dating Claudia and they have been sexually active for three months.Joe had never been sexually active before he met Claudia. Joe confides in you that he has noticed a wart forming on his penis. He has asked Claudia whether she has genital warts. She said, “No.I’ve definitely never seen anything remotely resembling a wart on my body.” He asks you where they could have come from. You correctly respond.

A. You probably got warts from using the dirty urinal in the men’s room of the gas stationwhere you work.

B. The organism that causes warts is so common that you could have gotten it anywhere.

C. Claudia is obviously lying. She would have seen a wart.

D. In women warts often form within the vagina or on the cervix, and so Claudia may notrealize that she has genital warts.

E. none of the above

14. How does the virus make new genetic information and proteins?

A. It combines with the host cell DNA.

B. It never does reproduce; it only grows larger.

C. It uses the host cell structures.

D. Once inside the host cell it is able to reproduce sexually.

15. Your immune system does not usually attack cells belonging in your body because:

A. suppressor T cells prevent the attack

B. the antigens on your body cells block the attack

C. antibodies paralyze helper T cells

D. memory cells identify and protect body cells

E. your own body cells have molecules on their surfaces that identify them as belongingin the body

.gif” alt=”Text box: 4″>16. In which choice are all the STDs usually curable with an antibiotic?

A. herpes, chl amydi a, gonorrhea

B. chlamydi a, syphilis, genital warts

C. ch I amydi a, herpes, syphi I is

D. genital warts, gonorrhea, syphilis

E. chlamydi a, gonorrhea, syphi I i s

17. Below you will find a series of steps in the triggering of the immune response. Indicate the choice that places the steps i n the CORRECT order.

Steps:

a a virgin (cytotoxic) T cell is activated

b. a macrophage encounters an “invader” (something that is not recognized as belongingin the body)

c. a helper T cell is activated

d.a suppressor T cell becomes active

e. a cytotoxic T cell destroys the invading cell

Choices:

A. a, b, c, d, e

B. b, c, a, e, d

C. d, b, a,C,e

D. b, a, c, d, e

E. c, a, c, e, d

18. Choose theINCORRECTstatement:

A. If the bacteria that cause chl amydi a are transferred to the eyes, it can cause blindness.

B. Gonorrhea, chlamydi a, and syphilis can be cured with antibiotics.

C. Most women with chl amydi a have no symptoms.

D. A man with gonorrhea must ejaculate in order to spread the infectious organism to apartner.

E. HPV,which causes genital warts, can spread over the entire anal genital area.

19. Which of the fol I owi ng STDs is INCORRECTLY paired with a means of diagnosis that canbe usedat some point in the progression of the disease?

A. syphilis — blood test

B. gonorrhea — blood test

C. chl amydi a — urine test

D. chlamydia — smear of cel Is from infected area

E. herpes — blood test

.gif” alt=”Text box: 5″>20. Your cousin Masoud needs a kidney transplant. The doctors explain that if the tissue type ofthe donor kidney doesn’t match Masoud’s tissue type, that the_________________________of the
immune system would attack and kill the donor kidney, causing the organ to be rejected.

A. B cells

B. plasma cells

C. antibodies

D. effector cytotoxic T cells

E. helper T cells

21.Therefore, to reduce the possibility of organ rejection, the doctors test all of Masoud’s closerelatives to see whether they would be suitable donors. The doctors are looking for a relative:

A. whose tissues have similar “self’ markers (MHC markers) to those on Masoud’s cells.

B. who lacks antibodies to Masoud’s tissues

C. who has suppressor T cel Is that will suppress the immune response against the donorkidney

D. lacks macrophages

E. all of the above

22. Choose theINCORRECTstatement:

A. Genital warts can take months to appear.

B. The same virus that causes cold sores can be transmitted to the genital area of anotherperson through oral sex.

C. Herpescan only be spread when there are symptoms.

23. Damage to nerve tissue such as the optic nerve and brain occur during which stage ofsyphilis?

A. first

B. second

C. third

D. it never occurs in syphilis

24. Choose theINCORRECTstatement.

A. A virus infects only a particular type of host cell. This specificity occurs because thevirus genetic material must be compatible with the host cell genetic material for the vi ral geneticmaterial to be inserted into the host cell chromosome.

B. Viruses can be shed without causing disease symptoms.

C. Many virusescan enter a latent stage during which they don’t cause diseasesymptoms. During the latent stage the viral genetic material has been inserted into the host cellchromosome.

D. Some vi ruses cause cancer.

25. Choose the INCORRECT statement:

A. Chlamydia can lead to sterility in either sex.

B. HPVcan cause pelvic inflammatory disease.

C. Cold sores are caused by a herpes virus.

D. The bacterium that causes syphilis can cross the placenta and infect a fetusgrowing inthe uterus if the mother has syphilis

26. Which statement about genital warts is INCORRECT?

A. The warts grow faster i n a woman who is using a contraceptive containingprogesterone.

B. You are not contagious until the warts appear

C. The warts may take weeks to months to appear

D. The warts are extremely contagious

E. The warts are caused by a virus

27.What is the purpose of the antigen that is displayed on the surface of a macrophage?

A. It indicates that the “invader” has been captured and the immune response can be shutdown.

B. It secretes antibodies.

C. It fits in a receptor on the “invader” and neutralizes it (prevents it from making yousick).

D. It identifies the target that the immune response should be directed against.

E. It causes the target to burst.

28. When bacteria infect an animal, the number of bacteria in the body increases gradual I y. Agraph of the growth of a bacterial population is a smoothly increasing curve as shown in graph 1.A viral infection shows a different pattern. For awhile there is no evidence of infection, and thenthere is a sudden increase in the number of vi ruses. The number stays constant for a time; thenthere is another sudden i ncrease. The curve of vi ral population growth looks I i ke a series of

steps, as shown in graph b. Which of the following correctly explains the difference in thepatterns of growth of bacteria and vi ruses?

.gif” alt=”Text box: 21- of bacteria —4- number of viruses “>

.gif”>(a)’LYE: —

Rantoria

(b)Time_

Iil

Virus

A. .gif” alt=”Text box: 6″>.gif”>.gif”>.gif”>Viruses need to rest between division cycles, but bacteria do not need rest.

B. Bacteria divide continuously with each cell producing two new cells. Viruses replicatewithin a cell and hundreds or thousands can be released at once.

C. The food supply to fuel division for bacteria is always available. The food supply forvi ruses is onl y avai I abl e duri ng I i mited times, and these are the ti mes when vi ruses replicate.

D. None of the above.

.gif” alt=”Text box: 7″>29. When you move into the dorms, you learn that there is a girl on the floor who has a herpes infection in her throat. Others on the floor are afraid that they might catch herpes from using thetoilet seat if she has used it before them. You correctly explain:

A. You might, but it would be oral herpes (a fever blister), like she has, and 80% ofAmericans have that.

B.You might. You better watch to see if she was in there before you.

C.Even if you do get it, you’ll have obvious symptoms, and it is easily cured with anantibiotic.

D.The only way that could happen is if she licked the toilet seat when she was sheddingviruses, placing viruses on the toilet seat. Of course, you would also have to sit on the seatimmediately afterward

30.The reason that you usually only get chickenpox once i s that:

A. Antibodies remain forever and immediately neutral ize the chickenpox virus if youare ever exposed to it again.

B. Suppressor T cells form that immediately suppress the infection if you are everexposed to the vi rus again

C. Chickenpox antigens are only effective once.

D. Macrophages can no longer recognize the chickenpox virus as an invader.

E. Memory B cells and memory T cells formed that mount an immune response veryquickly if you are ever exposed to the virus again.

I SINCERELY HOPE THAT SOMETHING YOU LEARNED IN THIS CLASS WILL HELPYOU TO LEAD A HAPPIER, HEALTHIER LIFE.