25 Jun Human skin cells and human white blood cells
Question
1. Human
skin
cells
and
human
white
blood
cells
of
the
immune
system
both
perform
protective
functions.
Skin
cells
function
primarily
in
external
physical
protection,
whereas
white
blood
cells
function
primarily
in
internal
protection.
Nonetheless,
both
types
of
cells
contain
a
complete
copy
of
the
human
genome.
Explain
how
cells
can
have
the
same
genetic
information
and
yet
perform
different
functions.
What
prevents
skin
cells
from
making
all
the
same
proteins
of
a
white
blood
cell?
2. At
several
points
in
the
cell
cycle
there
are
checkpoints
that
control
the
cell’s
passage
from
one
phase
to
the
next.
If
a
cell
receives
a
signal
at
each
checkpoint,
it
continues
to
the
next
phase;
if
it
does
not
receive
the
signal,
the
cell
does
not
continue.
For
example,
a
growth
factor
may
stimulate
a
cell
to
move
from
G1
into
S
phase.
If
no
growth
factor
is
present,
the
cell
cycle
stops
in
G1
and
the
cell
does
not
divide.
Predict
what
would
happen
to
a
cell
and
to
a
multicellular
organism
if
there
was
a
defect
at
the
checkpoint
and
the
cell
continued
through
the
cell
cycle
even
in
the
absence
of
a
signal.
3. Meiosis
and
sexual
reproduction
allow
for
highly
unique
offspring.
What
are
the
three
sources
of
genetic
variation
in
either
meiosis
or
sexual
reproduction
(what
is
the
source,
when/where
does
it
occur)?
4. Identify
and
explain
two
advantages
of
sexual
reproduction
over
asexual
reproduction.
5. Cystic
fibrosis
(CF)
is
a
disease
caused
by
a
recessive
allele,
and
the
disease
appears
only
in
the
homozygous
recessive
genotype.
Two
parents
do
not
have
cystic
fibrosis,
but
they
produce
a
child
with
this
disorder.
Fully
explain
what
has
occurred,
using
the
appropriate
terminology
and
diagram
(you
must
provide
this
diagram).
6. The
inheritance
of
curly
hair
illustrates
incomplete
dominance.
When
a
curly
haired
individual
reproduces
with
a
straight-‐haired
one,
the
children
all
have
wavy
hair.
What
offspring
would
be
produced,
in
what
proportions,
when
two
people
with
wavy
hair
reproduce?
7. A
man
with
type
O
blood
has
a
sister
with
type
AB
blood.
What
are
the
genotypes
and
phenotypes
of
their
parents?
8. Using
a
pedigree,
how
can
you
tell
if
a
trait
is
autosomal
or
sex-‐linked
(X-‐linked)?
Dominant
or
recessive?
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