30 Jun Immunology Virtual Lab, science homework help
Virtual Lab The Immunology Virtual Lab Student Worksheet IMMUNOLOGY VIRTUAL LAB WORKSHEET INTRODUCTION Go to http://www.hhmi.org/biointeractive/immunology-virtual-lab. Start the Virtual Lab and maximize the screen if you wish. Answer the following questions in the spaces provided. DIAGNOSIS 1. Where are antibodies found? _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ 2. How can they be used in the laboratory? _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ 3. What does ELISA stand for? _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ 4. What are ELISA assays used for in labs? _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ 5. What are the three important limitations of an ELISA? Explain each. Limitation Explanation Published January 2015 www.BioInteractive.org Page 1 of 7 Virtual Lab The Immunology Virtual Lab Student Worksheet BACKGROUND 1. What test can be used to determine whether a patient has an infectious or autoimmune disease? _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ 2. What does a positive result indicate? _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ 3. The watery fluid of the blood is called ____________________. 4. What is allowed to react with the target antigen? _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ 5. Detection is possible when _________________________________________________. 6. Once isolated, the secondary antibody can be ____________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ 7. What is the signaling system? _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ 8. What happens when the appropriate chemical (substrate) is added? _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ 9. How is the test quantified? _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ 10. What does the amount of color reflect? Published January 2015 www.BioInteractive.org Page 2 of 7 Virtual Lab The Immunology Virtual Lab Student Worksheet _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ LAB NOTEBOOK Proceed through the entire lab simulation protocol. Be sure to read the captions below the pictures (left side) and the information in the lab notebook (right side). Be sure to “start over” to begin the lab. You CANNOT skip any steps. Answer the following questions as you proceed. 1. What is systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)? _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ 2. From Figure 1 (click on it), what are the four steps of an ELISA protocol? a. ___________________________________________________________ b. ___________________________________________________________ c. ___________________________________________________________ d. ___________________________________________________________ 3. In step 1, you centrifuge the samples. What does a centrifuge do? _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ 4. What are you preparing in step 2? Why are there three different solutions? _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ 5. In steps 3 and 4, you prepare an ELISA plate. What has the ELISA plate been pretreated with? Why? _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ a. What is the positive control? (Step 4) Published January 2015 www.BioInteractive.org Page 3 of 7 Virtual Lab The Immunology Virtual Lab Student Worksheet _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ b. What is a primary antibody? Please define. _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ c. What is the negative control? (Step 4) _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ d. Why is it necessary to have a positive and a negative control? (Step 4) _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ 6. Why incubate the plate in step 5? _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ 7. Next, in step 6, the plate is washed. Why wash the plate? _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ 8. In step 7, a secondary antibody is added. What is a secondary antibody? Please define. _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ a. What is the attached enzyme in this assay? (Step 7) _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ b. What is the specific substrate for HRP? What color does it produce? (Step 7) _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ 9. How can the yellow color be quantitatively measured? At what wavelength? (Step 10, in “why”) Published January 2015 www.BioInteractive.org Page 4 of 7 Virtual Lab The Immunology Virtual Lab Student Worksheet _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ 10. Record your results. Indicate on this page and on the computer which boxes turned color. A B C + (positive) – (negative) 1:2 1:10 1:100 11. Did you complete the ELISA correctly? (Yes/No) __________ If yes, proceed to #12 and #14. If no, proceed to #13 and #14. 12. What do the results indicate about: Patient A: _____________________________________________________________________________________ Patient B: _____________________________________________________________________________________ Patient C: _____________________________________________________________________________________ 13. Explain what you did wrong and what you will need to do next time. For more information, check your printable summary page. Did your incorrect procedure provide you any results? Explain what went wrong. _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ Published January 2015 www.BioInteractive.org Page 5 of 7 Virtual Lab The Immunology Virtual Lab Student Worksheet 14. This virtual lab was testing for lupus. How is this same test used to test for the presence of HIV? If the results for an HIV test were the same as in this exercise, what would they indicate about the three patients? _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ AUTHOR Prepared by Ann Brokaw, Rocky River High School. Edited by Susan Dodge and Laura Bonetta, HHMI; copyedited by Linda Felaco. Published January 2015 www.BioInteractive.org Page 6 of 7 Virtual Lab The Immunology Virtual Lab Student Worksheet Published January 2015 www.BioInteractive.org Page 7 of 7 …
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