28 Oct Juvenile correctional facilities
Q1.
Juvenile correctional facilities and programs can differ greatly than those of an adult corrections population in the functionality and the treatment of the inmate population. Visually the facilities seem very similar with the types of clothing, restraints and physical barriers surrounding the facilities are almost identical. However, the inner workings of the facilities are vastly different. In an adult facility you would see very little freedom of movement. Where the environment within a youth system there is a more holistic approach where the focus is not so much on an incarceration but a rehabilitative environment. (Fagan, 2010). Juvenile justice is a unique challenge for criminal justice professionals and the court systems. There is a balance between a tough on crime approach and a rehabilitation of the youthful offenders. These approaches are different from the way we treat adults in the sentencing of youths and adults. In an adult case there are maximums and minimum sentences and the sentence fits the crime in most cases and it’s a more a “do the crime, do the time aspect” In a juvenile justice system the public perception of juvenile crime helps to determine the way the system imposes a sentence. Public policy and opinions shift between a save a child program or a harsh jail sentence (Baker, Cleary, Pickett, Gertz, 2016). These types of policies are not as prevalent in the adult justice system where there are sentencing guidelines for adults for specific crimes.
I don’t think that probation supervision differs greatly between both types of offenders the role of an adult supervisor is to monitor the offender but ultimately it is the adult offender’s responsibility to comply with the terms of the probation. Juvenile probation officers have to focus on a meaningful approach to supervising the juvenile. They use a “child saving” approach to dealing with their probation population (Viglione, Rudes, Nightingale, Watson & Taxman, 2018). This is completely different from what occurs with an overwhelmed adult juvenile probation system. I think it is an effective and necessary difference between the two populations. As an adult offender the role of having to save the individual is an adult responsibility. I don’t personally think that it should be the responsibility of a corrections officer to attempt to change the behavior of an adult. Youthful offenders deserve that chance to change before they hit their adult years and have to abide by adult rules and adult consequences. This is why I think that the dynamic approach between mentoring and monitoring should continue and adults should have to abide by their regulations without additional resources.
Baker, T., Cleary, H., Pickett, J., & Gertz, M. (2016). Crime Salience and Public Willingness to Pay for Child Saving and Juvenile Punishment. Crime & Delinquency, 62(5), 645–668. https://doi.org/10.1177/0011128713505487
Fagan, J. (2010). The contradictions of juvenile crime & punishment. Daedalus, 139(3), 43-61,145. Retrieved from https://search-proquest-com.ezproxy1.apus.edu/docview/744237050?accountid=8289
Viglione, J., Rudes, D., Nightingale, V., Watson, C., & Taxman, F. (2018). The Many Hats of Juvenile Probation Officers: A Latent Class Analysis of Work-Related Activities. Criminal Justice Review, 43(2), 252–269. https://doi.org/10.1177/0734016817742688
Q2.
Juvenille offender must be handled differnetly than adult offenders. It’s important to keep in mind that juvenille offenders aren’t fully developed into functioning members of society. Juvenille offenders can’t fully be held responsible for their actions, and from a scientific stand point their brains are not fully developed yet. This is one of the reason why people aren’t allowed to drink until they are 21 years of age, because their brains are technically not fully developed. An adult offender is fully liable for their actions and should be treated as such unless there is some sort of mental health reason as to why they should not be held completley liable for their actions. When it comes to corrections juvenille offenders need to be treated with the view of educating these offenders and with the view of rehabilitating them so they can become funciton members of society. While there is effort put in the rahabilitation of the adult offenders, it is the main focus for juvenille offenders. After some research I was able to find that “It’s widely known that each correction system uses incarceration to punish offenders. However, rehabilitation is often the key concept of juvenile corrections, and not adult corrections. There are more incentive programs offered for adolescent criminals. This kind of care is not fully available in the adult correctional system-it focuses stringently on punishment and offers only a handful of rehabilitation initiatives when compared to its juvenile counterpart.”(Gadek) Other differences are that juvenille offenders are typically sentenced to time behind bars for their actions, this usually only happens in the the most sever kinds of cases and it happens because the juvenille is tried as an adult. Even so the juvenille is a lot of times kept in spereate quarter from the adult offenders or inmates. There has been a lot of change throughout the years as to how corrections should be dealing with juvenille offenders, our book tell us that “Recently the attitude that juveniles should be rehabilitated has been resurrected through a variety of specialized diversion programs. Youth courts are a process where first-time offenders charged with non-violent misdemeanors that admit guilt are sentenced to some form of non-institutional retribution. Examples of potential punishments include community service, apology letters to victims, and apology essays.Another recent diversion movement is juvenile drug-courts. Similar to their adult counterparts, juvenile drug-courts seek to intervene early in the lifecycle of a young person involved with drugs with the intent of breaking the cycle through a form of rehabilitative punishment. Sanctions focus on the treatment of the offender and integration with the family unit to identify root causes of drug abuse that might be corrected.” (Lesson 8) It is important to remember that these are just kids and at some point they will hopefully be able to be rehabilitated and learn from their actions. Correction officers who have to deal with these juvenille offenders have to have a softer side to them but also have to realize that they can’t let themselves be walked over by the juvenille offenders.
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