27 Jun LAB 19 FUNGI and Lab 23 Invertebrates &Vertebrates;
Question
LAB 19 FUNGI
Experiment 1: Growing and Observing Zygomycota (Bread Mold)
Bread mold will generally ruin a day when you are looking forward to a sandwich, but will make it much easier to observe a live fungus. In this lab you will be cultivating the common bread mold. Any type of bread can be used, but fresh bakery bread will likely grow more colorful species since it does not contain the preservatives that many processed varieties do.
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Materials
Permanent Marker
Spray Bottle Lid and Empty Bottle
2 Resealable Bags
RhizopusDigital Slide Images
*2 Pieces of White Bread
*Water
* You Must Provide
Procedure
Use the permanent marker to label each of the two resealable bags as “Wet” or “Dry”.
Take one slice of bread and, spray it with water until moist. Avoid soaking the bread.
Place the moistened bread in the resealable bag labeled “Wet” and seal.
Then, place the second piece of bread in the resealable bag labeled “Dry” and seal.
Create a hypothesis regarding how the water will affect the bread over time. Be sure to address which piece of bread you think will host more growth, and why. Include your hypothesis in Post-Lab Question 1.
Incubate the bags for 3 – 7 days (depending on how fresh the bread is) in a dark, warm spot.
Examine the bread once mold starts growing.
Examine the digital slide pictures of Rhizopus(Figure 10) and identify the structures.
.jpg” alt=”Figure 10: rhizopus digital slide pictures; 100x (above left), 400x (above right).”>
.jpg” alt=”Figure 10: rhizopus digital slide pictures; 100x (above left), 400x (above right).”>
Figure 10:Rhizopus digital slide pictures; 100X (above left), 400X (above right).
.jpg” alt=”Figure 10 (continued): 1000x”>
Figure 10 (continued):1000X
Post-Lab Questions
Include your hypothesis from Step 5 here.
What structures did you see in the bread mold?
Why was it important to moisten the bread before sealing it in the resealable bag?
What type of control (positive or negative) did the dry bread provide? Explain why.
Is the bread mold reproducing sexually or asexually? How could you determine this?
What would you expect to find if you left the bread for six months?
Were multi-nucleated hyphae prevalent when looking at theRhizopusslide? How do you know?
Experiment 2: Observing Ascomycota (Yeast)
Yeast is a commercially important member of the Fungi Kingdom. It leavens bread and produces beer and wine. Yeast is unique because it is unicellular and reproduces by mitosis and budding.
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Materials
Yeast Digital Slide Images
PezizaDigital Slide Images
Procedure
View the digital slide image of yeast (Figure 11). Locate the budding cells and label what you see in the space below. Using the slide as a reference, draw a budding yeast cell and include important structures (ascus, ascospore) on your picture.
View the digital slide image of Peziza(Figure 12). Identify the asocarp, asci, ascospores, and sterile hyphae.
.jpg” alt=”Figure 11: yeast 1000x; field 1 (left) and field 2 (right)”>
.jpg” alt=”Figure 11: yeast 1000x; field 1 (left) and field 2 (right)”>
Figure 11:Yeast 1000X; field 1 (left) and field 2 (right)
.jpg” alt=”Figure 12: digital slide images of peziza; 100x (above left), 400x (above right); 1000x (below)”>
.jpg” alt=”Figure 12: digital slide images of peziza; 100x (above left), 400x (above right); 1000x (below)”>
Figure 12:Digital slide images of Peziza; 100X (above left), 400X (above right); 1000X (below)
.jpg” alt=”Figure 12: digital slide images of peziza; 100x (above left), 400x (above right); 1000x (below)”>
Post-Lab Questions
Compare yeast to thePezizaslide. Identify at least one difference, and one similarity.
How many ascospores are in each ascus of the yeast?
Are the ascospores of thePezizainside or outside of the asci?
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Lab 23 Invertebrates and Vertebrates
Experiment 1: Symmetry in Common Objects
Symmetry can be seen in everyday objects similar to that of the symmetry seen in organisms.
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Materials
Images of Common Lab Equipment
Procedure
Review the objects listed below (many of these can also be found in your lab kit).
Indicate the type of symmetry each item displays next to the image in the Post-Lab Questions section.
Hint: It is helpful to draw lines of symmetry over the objects and observe objects from different angles.
For each item, explain why you chose the type of symmetry you did.
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Post-Lab Questions
Identify the type of symmetry displayed for each item. Then, indicate how you came to your conclusion:
Petri Dish:
Funnel:
Test Tube Rack:
Wash Bottle with Curved Straw:
Graduated Cylinder:
Tongs:
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