11 Jun LIFE IN THE OCEANS (6380)
Question
BIOLOGY 181 LIFE IN THE OCEANS (6380)
FALL 2016
FINAL EXAM
PART ONE: MULTIPLE CHOICE (1 point each)
1. The place where a species is found is called its:
a. Community
b. Ecosystem
c. Ecotone
d. Habitat
e. Niche
2. The role a species plays in an ecosystem is called its:
a. Community
b. Ecosystem
c. Ecotone
d. Habitat
e. Niche
3. The addition of nutrients to aquatic ecosystems is called:
a. Euphemism
b. Euphony
c. Euploidy
d. Eutely
e. Eutrophication
4. The maintenance of the constancy of the internal environment in living things is called:
a. Homeostasis
b. Homeothermy
c. Homology
d. Homoplasy
e. Homozygosity
5. The boundary between the continental shelf and the continental rise is called the:
a. Active margin
b. Continental slope
c. Passive margin
d. Subduction zone
e. Thermocline 6. The most abundant cation dissolved in sea water is:
a. Barium
b. Calcium
c. Magnesium
d. Potassium
e. Sodium
7. The most abundant anion dissolved in sea water is:
a. Bicarbonate
b. Bromide
c. Chloride
d. Fluoride
e. Sulfate
8. A rapid change in salinity with depth is called a:
a. Acidosis
b. Halocline
c. Ketosis
d. Pycnocline
e. Thermocline
9. Tides with the maximum range are called:
a. Diurnal tides
b. Neap tides
c. Mixed semi-diurnal tides
d. Semi-diurnal tides
e. Spring tides
10. Tides the with minimum range are called:
a. Diurnal tides
b. Neap tides
c. Mixed semi-diurnal tides
d. Semi-diurnal tides
e. Spring tides 11. Unicellular eukaryotes constitute the group known as the:
a. Prokaryotes
b. Proterospongia
c. Protista
d. Protozoa
e. Protura
12. The organelle that carries out the function of photosynthesis is the:
a. Calcisome
b. Chloroplast
c. Lysosome
d. Mitochondrion
e. Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
13. The conversion of atmospheric nitrogen into ammonia, nitrites, and nitrates is called:
a. Ammonification
b. Decarboxylation
c. Denitrifcation
d. Nitrification
e. Nitrogen fixation
14. The outer shell, or frustule, of diatoms is composed of:
a. Calcium carbide
b. Calcium carbonate
c. Calcium phosphate
d. Chitin
e. Silicon dioxide
15. The red algae are known formally as the:
a. Charophyta
b. Chlorophyta
c. Chysophyta
d. Phaeophyta
e. Rhodophyta 16. The brown algae are known formally as the:
a. Charophyta
b. Chlorophyta
c. Chysophyta
d. Phaeophyta
e. Rhodophyta
17. The skeleton of the Hexactinellida is made of:
a. Calcium carbide
b. Calcium carbonate
c. Calcium phosphate
d. Chitin
e. Silicon dioxide
18. The members of this phylum move by means of paddle-shaped appendages composed of
fused cilia called comb plates:
a. Cnidaria
b. Ctenophora
c. Placozoa
d. Porifera
e. Vestimentifera
19. This type of symmetry is characteristic of the vast majority of animal species:
a. Bilateral symmetry
b. Biradial symmetry
c. Radial symmetry
d. Spherical symmetry
20. The radula is a type of feeding appendage unique to this phylum:
a. Annelida
b. Arthropoda
c. Echiura
d. Mollusca
e. Nemertea 21. The members of this phylum are distinguished by the presence of a molted exoskeleton and
jointed appendages:
a. Annelida
b. Arthropoda
c. Echinodermata
d. Mollusca
e. Nemertea
22. The members of this phylum are distinguished by pentamerous symmetry, a calcareous
endoskeleton, and a system of fluid-filled appendages called the water vascular system:
a. Annelida
b. Arthropoda
c. Echinodermata
d. Mollusca
e. Nemertea
23. The sharks are able to detect electric fields due to the presence of electrosensing organs
called:
a. Ampullae of Lorenzini
b. Cristae
c. Nuchal organs
d. Ommatidia
e. Statoliths
24. This type of caudal fin produces lift as well as thrust and enables sharks to avoid sinking:
a. Diphycercal
b. Epicercal
c. Heterocercal
d. Hyocercal
e. Homocercal
25. This group of vertebrates are distinguished by the presence of a waterproof egg that can be
laid on land:
a. Amniotes
b. Amphibians
c. Choanates
d. Choanoflagellates
e. Chondrichthyes 26. The closest living relatives of the cetaceans is the:
a. Elephant
b. Elephant seal
c. Hippopotamus
d. Sea otter
e. Walrus
27. The closest living relatives of the Sirenians is the:
a. Elephant
b. Elephant seal
c. Hippopotamus
d. Sea otter
e. Walrus
28. Organisms that can tolerate a wide range of salinity are called:
a. Eukaryotic
b. Euryapsids
c. Euryhaline
d. Osmoconformers
e. Stenohaline
29. Symbiotic algae found in association with coral reefs are called:
a. Coccolithophorids
b. Diatoms
c. Foraminifera
d. Radiolaria
e. Zooxanthellae
30. Photosynthetic plankton are referred to as:
a. Actinistia
b. Ctenophora
c. Foraminifera
d. Radiolaria
e. Phytoplankton 31. Organisms that are planktonic only for part of their life cycles are called:
a. Holoplankton
b. Meroplankton
c. Nekton
d. Phytoplankton
e. Zooplankton
32. The amount of energy contained in one trophic level that is passed up to the next is called
the:
a. Carrying capacity
b. Entropy
c. Primary productivity
d. Standing crop
e. Trophic efficiency
33. Organisms that live in or on the bottom are called the:
a. Benthos
b. Holoplankton
c. Meroplankton
d. Nekton
e. Zooplankton
34. The maximum number of individuals a habitat can support is called the:
a. Carrying capacity
b. Entropy
c. Primary productivity
d. Standing crop
e. Trophic efficiency
35. The main polysaccharide found in the cell walls of plants is:
a. Cellulose
b. Chitin
c. Glycogen
d. Polyethylene
e. Polyphenol 36. This term refers to the stinging cells of jellyfish:
a. Nematocyst
b. Oocyte
c. Spermatocyte
d. Sporocyte
e. Trichocyst
37. The accumulation of sensory and feeding structures at one end of a bilaterally symmetric
animal is called:
a. Apodization
b. Cephalization
c. Debuccalization
d. Racemization
e. Sclerotization
38. This term refers to the group of arthropods that includes the horseshoe crab:
a. Arachnida
b. Chelicerata
c. Crustacea
d. Diplopoda
e. Myriapoda
39. The sequential possession of male and then female reproductive organs by the same
individual is called:
a. Aposematism
b. Isogamy
c. Protandry
d. Protogyny
e. Simultaneous hermaphroditism
40. This protein serves as a store of oxygen that enables marine mammals to survive deep dives:
a. Methemoglobin
b. Myoglobin
c. Myosin
d. Tropomyosin
e. Troponin PART TWO: ESSAY (10 points each)
Question 1: Answer ONE of the following two questions
a. Compare and contrast active versus passive continental margins
b. Describe the four types of estuaries
Question 2: Answer ONE of the following two questions:
a. Discuss the forces that shape ocean currents
b. Discuss the forces that shape ocean tides
Question 3: Answer ONE of the following two questions
a. What is osmoregulation? Why is it important to living things? Discuss osmoregulation
in one group of marine tetrapods, one group of marine fish, and one group of
marine invertebrates
b. What is neutral buoyancy? Why is the maintenance of neutral buoyancy important to
living things? Discuss buoyancy regulation in one group of marine invertebrates
and one group of marine vertebrates.
Question 4: Answer ONE of the following two questions:
a. Discuss some environmental stresses experienced by organisms in the intertidal zone
and how intertidal organisms cope with them
b. Discuss the factors contributing to the high primary productivity and species diversity
of coral reefs
Question 5: Answer ONE of the following two questions:
a. Discuss some of the unique problems faced by deep-sea animals and how they cope
with them
b. Discuss vertical migration in zooplankton and its adaptive significance
Question 6: Discuss some man-made threats to the marine environment: causes, effects, solutions
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