MD BIOL 362 – Drug abuse has consequences

12 Jun MD BIOL 362 – Drug abuse has consequences

Question
1. Drug abuse has consequences that effect more than just the health of the person who is using drugs. Drug abuse also has

a)Social consequences – strains relationships with other people

b) Economic consequences – contributes to missed work days, reduced performance on the job and can increase workplace accidents

c) Criminal justice consequences – compulsion to take drugs can cause a person to engage in illegal activity to obtain drugs

d) all of the above

e) none of the above- the consequences of drug use only affect the individual taking them

2. Drug addiction is equivalent to the new categorization of severe substance use disorder established by the diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders, 5th edition (DSM-5 ). Severe SUD =addiction is

a) Compulsive drug seeking and use despite harmful consequences

b) Always having a beer on football game night

c) having a glass of wine with dinner

d) a personal choice that is easily changed at any time

3.Drug use is thought by some to be a moral failing because people do voluntarily choose to start using drugs for a variety of reasons which include

a) to feel better, self-medicate to treat a condition they are experiencing like anxiety, stress, depression, or pain

b) to experience an intense feeling of pleasure that is sometimes accompanied by felling of power, self-confidence, and increased energy

c) to enhance their performance such as in sports or to increase their focus

d) Curiosity and peer pressure – especially true for youth and adolescents

e) All of the above

4. Not everyone who takes drugs becomes addicted to them underscoring the fact that there are many factors that contribute to an individual’s risk for addiction. Generally, the more risk factors a person has, the greater the chance that they will become addicted

Risk factors for substance use disorders include

a)Good self- control , lack of parental supervision

b) aggressive behavior , poor social skills, poverty

c) academic competence, drug experimentation, route of drug administration

d) neighborhood pride, availability of drugs

5. protective factors reduce a person risk of developing substance use disorders and can be either ________(condition at home or at school) or __________(person’s genetic makeup, age)

a) simple, complex

b) location, preference

c) environmental, biological

d) emotional, physical

6. Scientists estimate that generic factors account for between _________of person’s vulnerability to drug addiction

a) 10-30%

b) 40-60%

c) 60-80%

d) 90-100%

7. Adolescents are particularly vulnerable to the harmful effects of drugs because

a) They are all too immature to know better

b) They remain dependent upon adult care

c) Their brains are still developing and drug use can interrupt healthy synaptic pruning

d) They are irresponsible

8. How drugs are taken

a) has no impact on their addictive potential

b) can decrease how addictive they are, especially drugs that are ingested

c) canincrease how addictive they are, especially drugs that are injected or smoked

d) none of the above

9. The area of the brain that is still maturing in adolesents that enables self-control and sound decision- making is the

a) prefrontal cortex

b) hippocampus

c) amygdala

d) basal ganglia

10

a)5-6 years old, 12-13 years old

b) 7-8 years old, 14-15 years old

c) 5-6 years old, 14-15 years old

d) 12-13 years old, 16-17 years old

11.

Substance use prevention programs are important to help reduce or prevent drug use in children and adolescents. There are there types of prevention programs to meet this need

1)___________programs address risk and protective factors common to all children, 2)________programs target specific groups of children and teens who are especially at risk for SUDS

, and 3) ________programs are designed for youth who are already using drugs

a)universal, selective, indicated

b) selective, universal, indicated

c) indicated, selective, universal

d) universal indicated, selective

12.

a)as the perception of harm decreases , the use of both cigarettes and marijuana decreases

b) as the perception of harm increases, the use of both cigarettes and marijuanadecreases

c) as the perception of harm decreases, the use of both cigarettes and marijuana increases

d) as the perception of harm increases, the use of both cigarettes and marijuana increases

13. Most drugs of abuse target the reward system in the brain by flooding the synapses with an abnormally high concentration of ___________

a) Dopamine

b) Serotonin

c) Acetylcholine

d) GABA

14.

The reward system in the brain is important for maintaining a healthy lifestyle because

a)it’s the center of the brain that keeps our emotions in check, preventing depression

b) it help us maintain a healthy balance of basal physiological function

c) it reinforces the behaviors that enhance our survival and encourages us to repeat these behaviors

d) none of the above

15. Drugs stimulate the reward system much more powerfully than natural behaviors such as eating and sex by

a) inducing neurons to release 2-10 times the amount of dopamine than natural rewards

b) producing euphoric effects that last longer or are more intense than natural rewards

c) both of these

16. ________is when a who person has taken a particular drug for a while requires a greater amount of drug just to feel normal or experience the euphoric effects

a)accommodation

b)tolerance

c)escalation

d)recidivism

17. _________is a type of learning that links environment cues to drug experiences, creating powerful cravings to use drugs even if a person has been abstinent for many years

a) conditioning

b) kinesthetic

c) linguistic

d) aural

18. Long term and frequent drug use can contribute to a variety of health consequences including

a) infectious disease

b) lung disease

c) stroke

d) cardiovascular

e) all of the above

19.Medications to treat substance use disorders do not replace one drug with another. These medications help to normalize the brain chemistry and allow the brain circuits to adapt to the absence of the abused substance without producing the euphoria and preventing cravings. The medications methadone, buprenorphine, and naltrexone are used to treat________ use disorder, while disulfiram, acamprosate, and naltrexone are used to treat __________use disorder

a) nicotine, opioid

b) alcohol, opioid

c) opioid, alcohol

d) nicotine, alcohol

20. Behavioral treatments can greatly improve treatment outcomes for people experiencing substance use disorders.________ therapy helps patient recognize, avoid and cope with situations where they are most likely to use drugs. _________therapy uses strategies to evoke a rapid and internally motivated behavior change to stop drug use.

a) Contingency management, family

b) Cognitive behavioral, motivational enhancement

c) Cognitive behavioral, contingency management

d) Motivational enhancement, cognitive behavioral

21. Marijuana contains the cannabinoid chemical THC that produces the psychoactive effects (high) of marijuana when it is smoked or consumed by

a) inhibiting dopamine neurons in the brain reward center

b) inhibiting GABA release from neighboring neurons that synapse with dopamine neurons in the brain reward center, causing the dopamine neurons to increase dopamine release

c) decreasing dopamine reuptake in the synapse

d) decreasing dopamine degradation in the synapse

22. Methamphetamine is a stimulant that causes addiction by

a) binding to dopamine transporters on presynaptic dopamine neurons preventing reuptake of dopamine within the synapse

b) causing presynaptic dopamine neurons to increase the release of dopamine into the synapse

c) both selections above

23. Cocaine is a stimulant that causes addiction by

a) binding to dopamine transporters on presynaptic dopamine neurons preventing reuptake of dopamine within the synapse

b) causing presynaptic dopamine neurons to increase the release of dopamine into the synapse

c) both selections above

24. PET imaging studies performed in Dr. Nora Volkow’s lab showed that the amount of _________is reduced in the brains of addicted individuals compared to people who are not addicted to drugs

a) D1 dopamine receptors

b) D2 dopamine receptors

c) D3 dopamine receptors

d) D4 dopamine receptors

25. What substances are added to foods to make them so desirable that they bypass the satiety pathway becoming addictive, causing people to overheat?

a) sugar

b) fat

c) salt

d) all of the above