MD BIOLOGY 101 – DNA REPLICATION

11 Jun MD BIOLOGY 101 – DNA REPLICATION

Question
DNA REPLICATION

Question 1 (5 points)

If a strand of DNA of sequence 5’-TGGACCTAGACC-3’ is replicated, which of the following accurately represents the newly synthesized DNA strand?

Question 1 options:

3’-ACCUGGUTCTGG-5’

5’-ACCTGGATCTGG-3’

3’-ACCTGGATCTGG-5’

5 -’ACCUGGUTCTGG – 3′

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STRUCTURE OF DNA

Question 2 (5 points)

Which of the following accurately shows DNA base pairing and hydrogen bond number?

Question 2 options:

Adenine—Thymine, 2 hydrogen bonds

Adenine—Thymine, 3 hydrogen bonds

Cytosine – Guanine, 2 hydrogen bonds

Cytosine – Guanine, 4 hydrogen bonds

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Question 3 (5 points)

Which of the following is not a component of nucleotides, the building blocks of DNA?

Question 3 options:

deoxyglucose

inorganic phosphate

nitrogenous base

deoxyribose

Question 4 (5 points)

What molecule connects the sugars in a strand of DNA?

Question 4 options:

ribose

phosphate

deoxyribose

hydrogen

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TRANSCRIPTION

Question 5 (5 points)

Transcription is the transfer of genetic information from _______.

Question 5 options:

DNA to RNA

tRNA to mRNA

DNA to mRNA

mRNA to tRNA

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DNA POLYMERASE

Question 6 (5 points)

What is the part of the gene called where the DNA polymerase first binds during transcription?

Question 6 options:

promoter

repressor

operon

inducer

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HOW GENES ARE REGULATED

Question 7 (5 points)

What does the process of post-translational control refers to?

Question 7 options:

regulation of gene expression after transcription

regulation of gene expression after translation

control of epigenetic activation

period between transcription and translation

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TRANSLATION

Question 8 (5 points)

In the process of translation, the amino acids are arranged to form specific proteins because they are attached to:

Question 8 options:

rRNA

tRNA

mRNA

DNA

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Question 9 (5 points)

Use the genetic code to determine which amino acids the following mRNA sequence code for:

AAA GCG GAA

Question 9 options:

Glu, Ala, Lys

Lys, Ala, Glu

Lys, Phe, Trp

Trp, Phe, Lys

Question 10 (5 points)

If a DNA strand with the sequence AATAGCGCGGTATTC is transcribed, which of the following accurately represents the newly synthesized mRNA strand?

Question 10 options:

UUAUGCGCGGAUAAC

UUAUCGCGCCAUAAG

TTATCGCGCCATAAG

AATAGCGCGGTATTC

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Question 11 (5 points)

An individual has a mutation in the gene that codes for hemoglobin. This results in sickle cell disease. Choose the correct explanation for how this mutation affects the individual’s traits.

Question 11 options:

The error in the DNA sequence results in an error in the mRNA molecule during transcription, the error in the mRNA molecule results in an incorrect amino acid in the hemoglobin protein which makes it non-functional. The resulting trait is sickle cell disease

The error in the mRNA sequence results in an error in the DNA molecule during transcription, the error in the DNA molecule results in an incorrect nucleic acid in the hemoglobin protein which makes it non-functional. The resulting trait is sickle cell disease.

The error in the DNA sequence results in an error in the mRNA molecule during transcription, the error in the mRNA molecule results in an incorrect nucleic acid in the hemoglobin protein which makes it non-functional. The resulting trait is sickle cell disease.

The error in the mRNA sequence results in an error in the DNA molecule during transcription, the error in the DNA molecule results in an incorrect amino acid in the hemoglobin protein which makes it non-functional. The resulting trait is sickle cell disease.

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RNA METABOLISM

Question 12 (5 points)

What is the name given to the portions of eukaryotic mRNA sequence that are removed during RNA processing?

Question 12 options:

exons

caps

poly – A tails

introns

GENE EXPRESSION

Question 13 (5 points)

Control of gene expression in eukaryotic cells occurs at which level(s)?

Question 13 options:

only the transcriptional level

epigenetic and transcriptional levels

only at the post-translational levels

epigenetic, transcriptional, post-transcriptional, translational, and post-translational

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DNA PACKAGING

Question 14 (5 points)

Which of the following statements is NOT true regarding DNA packaging in a eukaryotic cell?

Question 14 options:

DNA is wrapped around proteins known as histones to form structures called nucleosomes

DNA is wrapped tightly around a histone core

DNA is twisted in what is known as supercoiling without histones

Nucleosomes containing DNA are linked to each other by a short strand of DNA that is free of histones.

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Question 15 (5 points)

Which of the options listed below can serve to carry a gene from one organism into a bacteria cell?

Question 15 options:

A plasmid

An electrophoresis gel

A restriction enzyme

Polymerase chain reaction

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Question 16 (5 points)

What is a genetically modified organism (GMO)?

Question 16 options:

A plant with certain genes added that mimic naturally occurring genes for that plant

An organism with an artificially altered genome

An organism made of proteins from two different organisms

An animal produced by artificial selection

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Question 17 (5 points)

Which of the applications of genomics listed below can be used in agriculture?

Question 17 options:

Improve disease resistance

Improve crop production

All of the above

Generate new, resilient hybrid strains

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Question 18 (5 points)

What kind of diseases are studied using genome-wide association studies?

Question 18 options:

Viral diseases

Single-gene inherited diseases

Diseases caused by multiple genes

Diseases caused by environmental factors.

Question 19 (5 points)

Which of the following statements about genetically modified organisms (GMOS) are correct? Select all that apply.

Question 19 options:

Transgenic mice are frequently used to study the effects of gene mutations.

Transgenic goats have been engineered with a human gene that produces blood anticoagulant protein.

Transgenic bacteria are used to produce human growth hormone.

Transgenic bacteria are used to produce protein for human consumption.

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Question 20 (5 points)

For what purposes can the human genome map be used?

Question 20 options:

Create genetically modified bacteria that produce medicines

Identify disease causing genes in humans

Design Google Maps that show the frequency of genes around the world

Increase crop production

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