30 Jun Microbiology
Final Exam Study Guide Chapter 1 Introduction and classification Pasteur-disproved “spontaneous generation” Know prokaryote/eukaryote distinctions & comparisons; examples 3 domains of life- know which prokaryotes/eukaryotes are What is Carl Woese’s contribution to phylogeny? What is Taxonomy? Binomial nomenclature Chapter 3,4: Tools, Bacteria and Archaea List the Five I’s Difference between complex and defined media ; Selective media and Differential Media Shapes and arrangement of Bacteria; Functions of Capsule, Fimbriae and pili Motility – flagella – 4 types of arrangements (mono, lopho, amphi, peritrichous) Cell Wall : General functions of bacterial cell wall. Difference between the cell wall in gram positive and gram negative bacteria. – which one has more layers of PG , which type contains teichoic acids, which one has the outer membrane( LPS layer). The components that make up the LPS layer and their functions. What is periplasmic space? Endospores – Importance Chapter 6 Viruses Structure of virus – capsid, capsomeres, nucleocapsid etc, different shapes – spherical, rod, complex. Different ways to cultivate virus; What are plaques? What is lytic and lysogenic cycle? What are viriods and prions? Chapter7 Microbial Nutrition and Growth -What is Generation time, what is binary fission Difference between passive and active transport – concentration gradient/energy -growth curve, what happens in each phase and why -know requirements/factors for growth, terminology Chapter 8 Metabolism 1) What is the difference between Fermentation and Respiration? 2) Respiration: List the 3 main pathways involved here. 3) What is the terminal electron acceptor in aerobic respiration? Chapter 9 Microbe Genetics What is Transformation Transduction- generalized, specialized transduction Conjugation- Mechanism of DNA transfer; F plasmids.What is Hfr Ames test What is Replication, Transcription, Translation? Chapter 11 and 12 Growth Control 1) Definitions((sterilization, disinfection, antisepsis) 2) 3 types of control 3) Physical- know about all methods (heat, filtration, radiation), mode of action and examples 4) Chemical for external use MIC (be able to identify MIC if different concentrations of drugs and the growth is given; zone of inhibition, what are antiseptics Antimicrobial Drugs: 1) Can be used in vivo 2) Alexander Fleming, Paul Ehrlich 3) What is selective toxicity, broad and narrow spectrum Cell wall synthesis inhibitors: Beta lactam antibiotics – Penicillins What is antibiotic resistance? Chapter 13 Microbe Human Interractions List the steps a microbe has to take to get to the point where it can cause disease. Define infectious dose, and explain its role in establishing infection. How does capsule contribute to pathogenicity Major characteristics of exotoxins and endotoxin. What is epidemic, endemic, pandemic; Common source epidemic. Chapter14Non Specific/ Innate Immunity What is immunity – Innate, adaptive First line of defense- know the physical and chemical factors Second line of defense: Internal defenses- phagocytes, natural killer cells Immune cells that provide – innate immunity( Cells that provide non specific defense.) What is phagocytosis. Inflammatory response- localized response Fever: know that it is a systemic response, What is opsonization Chapter15 Specific/ Adaptive Immunity Cell Mediated Immunity: Describe the role of cytotoxic T cells; which cells would they attack? Antibody Mediated/Humoral Immune response: type of immune cell involved What are the functions of B cells? Role of Thelper2 cells ; the role of memory B cells? Ig Present in secretions such as tears and breast milk Involved in hypersensitivity reactions( allergies) natural and artificial immunity; active and passive immunity.What is a vaccine? Chapter 16,17 Immunity and Disorders/Diagnosis What is Hypersensitivity? Types , examples TypeI – IgE mediated immediate Type II- Cytotoxic; IgG, IgM and complement; Complement activation causes cell lysis Type III- Immune Complex Reactions; IgG, IgM, IgA antibodies; antibodies and antigens form immune complexes that lodge in membranes Type IV: Cell mediated Delayed Delayed-type hypersensitivities …
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