30 Jun Microbiology questiones
Microbiology Choose the best answer: 1. Pasteur’s work supported which of the following: A. the theory of spontaneous generation B. the source of a deadly disease in farm animals C. the “absence” of a “vital force” in air or in infusions D. the association of worker hygiene and wine spoilage 2. The work of ________________ was credited with developing a vaccine for rabies, while the work of ______________ first isolated the bacteria that caused Tuberculosis. A. B. C. D. E. Koch, Pasteur Pasteur, Koch Semmelweis, Lister Lister, Semmelweis Pasteur is credited with both of these works 3. In genetic engineering, frequently, ___________ is/are attached or inserted into _________ species of bacteria and beneficial products are produced and collected. A. DNA, E. coli and yeasts B. RNA, S. aureus C. Both DNA and RNA, E. coli and yeasts D. proteins, S. aureus E. proteins, E. Coli and yeasts 4. Certain diseases are noted as being resurgent, as per lecture, some of the reasons for this include the following except ____________. A. Increased travel worldwide B. Decreasing reliance on vaccinations C. Increased utilization of antibiotics D. Increasing proportion of elderly individuals E. Increasing incidence of immuno-suppresed individuals 5. The physician who was credited with discovering the association of soiled or decaying material/clothing and puerperal sepsis(streptococcal infections associated with birth) was _______________, while phenolic compounds for surgical antisepsis was pioneered by _________________ A. B. C. D. E. Pasteur, Lister Semmelweis, Koch Lister, Semmelweis Koch, Pasteur Semmelweis, Lister 6. A distinguishing, unique characteristic of bacteria is _______________ A. the causation of life-threatening diseases B. the usage of flagella for motivation C. the presence of peptidoglycan in the cell wall D. the variety of cellular shapes E. All of these are distinguishing, unique characteristics 7. Algae differ from the other eukaryotic microbes in that ___________ A. they possess chlorophyll B. they may exist as either multicellular or unicellular forms C. they can be visible with the naked eye D. they fix nitrogen in the environment E. All of these serve to differentiate algae 8. Bacteria and Archaea significantly differ due to _______________. A. B. C. D. E. Their size Their cell wall structure The environments where they are found Only B and C A, B and C are correct 9. Viruses can infect all of the following domains except _________ A. Archaea B. Eukarya C. Bacteria D. Viruses can infect all of these domains E. Viruses only infect Eukarya and Bacteria 10. The noteworthy distinction between viruses and prions is ___________ A. B. C. D. E. Prions are classified as non-living proteins Viruses do not cause chronic diseases Viruses do not have a protein component Prions can infect different species of hosts None of these is correct. 11. Endospores are found in _______________________________-A. B. C. D. E. all bacteria, under the proper conditions bacillus species clostridia species spirilla species usually only B & C 12. The following statements, as per lecture, are true about endospores except ______________ A. they may last for 100 years or more B. they are in a vegetative stage C. the forespore ultimately becomes the endospore D. the spore coat is made of proteins produced by the mother cell E. all of these are true 13. If bacteria appear as circular forms microscopically, the name that we identify them with is __________. A. B. C. D. E. Cocci Bacilli Spirochetes Vibrio spirilla 14. A phospholipid bilayer with embedded proteins would be a good definition of a plasma membrane if ________________________ A. B. C. D. E. permeability to water was noted transformation of ATP was noted to occur there selective permeability was noted cholesterol molecules being present was noted Both A & D need to be noted 15. The driving force in simple diffusion is the ___________________ A. B. C. D. E. shape of the molecule size of the molecule concentration gradient pH of the molecule all of these factor in simple diffusion 16. Regarding bacterial ribosomes, which of the following is false? A. B. C. D. E. The ribosomes are located on the cytoplasmic membrane Protein synthesis occurs at these locations They are classified as 70S They are composed of Ribosomal RNA and proteins All of these statements are true 17. Peptidoglycan has the following features with the exception of ________________ A. B. C. D. E. it is only found in bacteria it is composed of alternating NAM & NAG subunits it is crosslinked by tetrapeptides it is found in roughly equal amounts in different types of bacteria it contains nitrogenous carbohydrates 18. The lipopolysaccharide layer is associated with the ____________________ A. B. C. D. E. periplasm peptidoglycan Gram negative inner membrane Gram negative outer membrane Gram positive outer membrane 19. Endotoxins of Gram negative bacteria are associated with the _______________ A. periplasm B. lipid A portion C. O-specific polysaccharide D. inner membrane E. none of these is correct 20. O – specific polysaccharide/antigen chain is found in _______________ bacteria and facilitates __________ of the organism A. B. C. D. gram positive, mobility gram negative, identification gram negative, staining gram negative, mobility E. both gram positive and negative, identification 21. Protein passageways, such as porins, or transport proteins are located where in the Gram Negative cell? A. B. C. D. E. The outer membrane The inner membrane The peptidoglycan Both A and B A, B and C 22. Glycocalyx is usually composed of _________, and can be part of a ______/ A. polysaccharide, slime layer B. polysaccharide, flagella C. amino acids, biofilm D. amino acids, flagella E. lipoprotein, cell wall 23. The flagella in prokaryotic cells is composed of ___________ A. microtubules, only B. microtubules in a 9 + 2 arrangement C. microtubules in a 9 + 2 arrangement attached via a basal body D. flagellin E. Both C and D 24. One of the pili, the F pilus , in bacteria, is _____________ A. longer than a flagella B. involved in DNA transfer, a sex pilus C. composed uniquely of hollow microtubules D. B & C E. A, B & C 25. The plasmid is _______________ A. another name for the 50S ribosome subunit B. found in the nucleus of the bacteria C. a circular, double strand of DNA with non-essential, but useful information D. non replicating DNA E. B & C 26. The eukaryotic ribosomal RNA has is designated as ______ S, based on its size. A. 80 B. 70 C. 60 D. 40 27. Endospore formation in certain bacteria includes the following events except ____ A. formation of a smaller forespore B. peptidoglycan being layed down between membrane C. increased amounts of nitrogen and carbon available D. a lengthy process, involving hours or more E. dehydration and calcification 28. In animal eukaryotic cells, the cell membrane stability is aided by __________. A. rigid structural proteins B. ergosterols C. cholesterols D. cell walls external to the membranes E. C & D 29. The cytoskeleton of the prokaryotic cell includes which of the following structures? A. B. C. D. Intermediate fibres Microtubules Both of these are included Neither of these are included 30. In the ________________, ribosomal RNA is formed in eukaryotic cells A. nucleolus B. nucleoid C. nuclear membrane D. nuclear pore E. chromatin/DNA 31. Mitochondria and chloroplasts are similar in that ___________ A. energy is produced in these structures in both prokarya and eukarya B. proteins synthesis occurs in these areas in plant and animal cells C. energy is transformed in these structures in eukarya D. proteins are synthesized in these structures in eukarya only E. light energy is harvested and transformed in both organelles 32. Rough endoplasmic reticulum is identified by _____________ and Secretory Vesicles are identified by ______________. A. its association with free ribosomes/chlorophyll B. the attachment of bound ribosomes to the endomembrane system/energy transformations C. its lack of ribosomes//phagosomes with granular material D. adherent or attached ribosomes//membrane bound granules for export E.proximity to the mitochondria// increased protein synthesis 33. Important enzymes, including those for defense and/or to deal with free radicals, are stored in the _______________ A. lysosomes B. peroxisomes C. golgi apparatus D. A & B E. A, B & C 34. In gram negative prokaryotes, the structures from peripheral to central are ________________. A. LPS membrane, periplasm, peptidoglycan, Phospholipid membrane B. Periplasm, LPS membrane, peptidoglycan, Phospholipid membrane C. Glycocalyx, Peptidoglycan, LPS membrane, periplasm, phospholipids membrane, cytoplasm D. LPS membrane, periplasm containing peptidoglycan, Phospholipid membrane, cytoplasm E. None of these is correct 35. Peptidoglycan is known to be or have all of the following except: A. B. C. D. E. Porosity Teichoic acids Polymer structure of nitrogenous carbohydrates Protein permeability All of these statement are false 36. Prokaryocytes that have an optimum temperature of 45 to 70 degrees C. are known as __________, while those whose optimum temperature is 25 to 45 degrees C. are known as __________. A. psychrotrophs, mesophiles B. mesophiles, thermophiles C. thermophiles, mesophiles D. thermophiles, psychrophiles E. thermotrophs, mesotrophs 37. In food storage by refrigeration, what accounts for reduction in spoilage A. B. C. D. E. Irreversible denaturing of bacterial proteins pscyhrophile proliferation slow down in metabolic rate of spoilage organisms All of these contribute None of these contribute 38. Obligate anaerobes are those bacteria that do the following except ___________ A. may be rapidly destroyed by oxygen B. are unable to perform oxygen detoxification C. contain neither catalase or superoxide dismutase(S0D) D. may form endospores commonly found in the soil E. all of the above statements apply to obligate anaerobes 39. Microaerophilic bacteria are noteworthy because __________ A. they do not affect humans B. they may cause gastro-intestinal ulcers C. they have been associated with the “flesh-eating” disease D. they can function in both high and low oxygen environments E. B & C 40. The toxic derivatives of oxygen are produced ____________ A. during normal metabolic processes involving oxygen B. and include both catalase and superoxide dismutase C. have been associated with carcinogenesis D. A & C E. A, B & C 41. Bacteria known as neutrophiles can _____________ A. Live and multiply within the range of pH 5 to pH 8. B. Live and multiply specifically at pH 7.35 -7.45 C. Live and multiply independently of pH; they are neutral to pH variations. D. Have neutral effects on most organisms E. A & D 42. Most prokaryocytes, when placed in a highly salted environment, undergo what phenomena A. pathogenosis B. plasmolysis C. osmotic absorption of water D. minimal changes, as the cell wall insulates the prokaryocyte E. crenation 43. Autotrophs are able to utilize inorganic carbon (as carbon dioxide gas) in their metabolic processes. This activity is specifically known as _____________ A. anaerobic metabolism B. aerobic metabolism C. carbon anabolism D. carbon fixation E. none of these apply 44. Bacteria that require many growth factors are called ______________ A. facultative B. fixated C. obligates D. fastidious E. insidious 45. Living things all have Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen and Nitrogen as the four most common elements. In bacteria, what are the next two most common? A. Sodium and Phosphorus B. Sulfur and Sodium C. Phosphorus and Calcium D. Sulfur and Phosphorus 46. The run – tumble – run activity of bacteria frequently occurs as a result of all of the following except __________________ A. B. C. D. E. magnetic attraction chemical attraction light attraction air attraction All of these are correct Answer the following questions using these keys, an answer can be used more than once. A. Lag Phase B. Log Phase C. Stationary Phase D. Death Phase 47. The secondary metabolites, such as antibiotics, are mainly produced during this phase 48. In this phase, the organisms are most susceptible to antibiotics 49. During this phase, endopores are produced, by bacteria that have this capability 50. Primary metabolites are produced in this phase. 51. Synthesis of essential macromolecules needed for growth is the hallmark of this phase 52. The majority of the cells are no longer reproducing in this stage. Answer the following either A(true) or B (false) ___53. Mesophiles included both Gram positive and Gram Negative cells ___54. Bacteria replicate asexually by binary fission, and sexually, by meiosis ___55. Bound ribosomes are found in both eukarya and prokarya ___56. The phospholipid bilayer is unique to eukarya ___57. Endospores will return to the vegetative phase when environmental conditions become more favorable ___58, Plasmids are frequently found in bacterial cells ____59. Viruses contain both DNA and RNA _____60. SARS and MRSA are examples of an emergent diseases …
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