10 Aug P11#1
Cancer are a common cause of reproductive disorders in both men and women. Prostate cancer is the second most common cancer among men, while breast cancer is the frequently diagnosis cancer among women (Huether & McCance, 2017). Both prostate cancer and breast cancers usually consist of adenocarcinomas (Huether & McCance, 2017).
Prostate cancer and breast cancer forms when a normal cell begins to grow out of control (Huether & McCance, 2017)). Once prostate cancer forms, androgens feeds cancer growth (Prostate Cancer Foundation, 2019). Generally, prostate cancer is slow-growing cancer that does not spread beyond the prostate gland (Prostate Cancer Foundation, 2019). The most common place for breast cancer to begin is the cells of the lobules (Breast Cancer, 2018).
Patients at highest risk of developing prostate cancer include older male patients, patients with a family history, and patients of African American descent (Arcangelo et al., 2017). African American men are at a higher risk of developing and have a higher mortality rate from prostate cancer, then white men (US Preventive Services Task Force, 2018). African American men are likely to be diagnosis’s early, have advanced staging and more aggressive form of prostate cancer (US Preventive Services Task Force, 2018). Most common risk factors for breast cancer include age, 1 in 228 women ages 30-39 will develop breast cancer while. 1 in 29, will developing by age 60 (Breast Cancer, 2018). First line family history of breast cancer increases the risk (Breast Cancer, 2016).
Diagnosing the Cancer
Prostate cancer and breast cancer is diagnosis similarly. Prostate cancer cells are graded on a scale of 1 to 5 (Prostate Cancer Foundation, 2019). Grade 1 cells described non-invasive cells (Prostate Cancer Foundation, 2019). While cells closest to 5 have mutated so much that they barely resemble normal cells (Prostate Cancer Foundation, 2019). Breast cancer stages use a scale of 0 through IV (Breast Cancer, 2018). Stage 0 describing non-invasive cancers (Breast Cancer, 2018). Stage IV describing invasive cancers that have spread outside the breast to other parts of the body (Breast Cancer, 2018).
Treatment for Cancer
Patient’s diagnosis with breast and prostate cancer have several treatment options. Breast cancer treatment includes, surgery, chemotherapy, radiation, hormone therapy (Breast Cancer, 2018). While treatment for prostate cancer includes same with addition of cryotherapy as well (American Cancer Society, 2016). With both cancers it is important to discussing the side effects of the treatments options. Prostate cancer and breast cancer treatments may cause decrease of quality of life with patients (American Cancer Society, 2016; Breast Cancer, 2018). Common side effects with prostate cancer treatment options include urinary problems, bowel problems, and impotence (sexual dysfunction) (American Cancer Society, 2016). While common side effects for women treating for breast cancer include nausea and vomiting related to chemo or radiation, pain, or skin irritation related mastectomy (Breast Cancer, 2016).
References
Arcangelo, V. P., Peterson, A. M., Wilbur, V., & Reinhold, J. A. (Eds.). (2017). Pharmacotherapeutics for advanced practice: A practical approach (4th ed.). Ambler, PA: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins
American Cancer Society. (2016). Treating prostate cancer. Retrieved from: https://www.cancer.org/cancer/prostate-cancer/treating/hormone-therapy.html
Huether, S. E., & McCance, K. L. (2017). Understanding pathophysiology (6th ed.). St. Louis, MO: Mosby
Prostate Cancer Foundation. (2019). What is prostate cancer. Retrieved from:
US Preventive Services Task Force. (2018). Final recommendation statement: Prostate cancer: Screening. Retrieved from: https://www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/Page/Document/RecommendationStatementFinal/prostate-cancer-screening1
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