25 Jun Part a This characteristic allows reciprocal cross pollination
Question
Please answer each of the following questions. Unless specifically
stated otherwise, you must explain your reasoning in full
sentences and show your work to receive credit.
1.
Briefly explain why each of the following traits made peas an
effective model system for genetic research. For each trait,
illustrate your argument by giving an example of a species or type
of organism that lacks such a trait and would therefore make
genetic research more difficult or intractable.
a. Can be used in controlled crosses
b.Short generation time
c. Existence of “true-breeding” (i.e., inbred or homozygous)
lines
d.Produces large number of progeny
2.
Mendel’s famous crosses between “true-breeding” Pisum sativum
with yellow and green peas and subsequent self-crossing of the F1
generation produced strong evidence for particulate inheritance
and undermined prevailing views based on blending inheritance.
Consider an alternate outcome in which the results of these crosses
were consistent with blending inheritance. What phenotypes would
have been expected in the F1generation and in the F2 generation
under a blending model of inheritance?
3.
A mutant cucumber plant has flowers that fail to open when
mature. Crosses can be done with this plant by manually opening
and pollinating the flowers with pollen from another plant. When
closed × open crosses were performed, all the F1 progeny were
open. The F2 plants were 145 open and 59 closed. A cross of
closed × F1 gave 81 open and 77 closed offspring. Describe the
genetic basis of inheritance for this trait, including the evidence
that led to your conclusions.
4.
As a Drosophila research geneticist, you keep stocks of fruit flies
with specific genotypes. You have a fly that has normal wings
(dominant phenotype). Flies with short wings are homozygous for
a recessive allele of the wing-length gene. You need to know if this
fly with normal wings is true-breeding or heterozygous for the
wing-length trait. Assuming you have access to flies of known
genotype, describe two different types of crosses that could be
performed to determine the genotype of the mystery fly. For each
cross, what are the expected results for each of the two possible
genotypes?
5.
Briefly explain why the following statement is either true or false:
All genes are made of DNA and code for proteins.
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