PSY 302 – Which of the following best describes

27 Jun PSY 302 – Which of the following best describes

Question
Which of the following best describes the Hawthorne effect?
Financial rewards more significantly influence workers’ behavior than human attention.

Physical environment more significantly influences workers’ behavior than financial rewards.

Physical environment more significantly influences workers’ behavior than human attention.

Human attention more significantly influences workers’ behavior than physical environment.

2. What is a downside of using the Internet to recruit applicants for a job?

It can be prohibitively expensive to place ads online.

It is most useful for finding executive positions but not lower level ones.

It tends to attract many unqualified candidates.

It unnecessarily narrows the applicant pool.

3. Which of the following is NOT a component of the job context?

physical environment

social environment

external factors

knowledge, skills, and abilities

4. Why does organizational research and practice generally have a positive tone?

because negativity typically reduces profits

because negativity typically inhibits innovative thinking

because organizations primarily deal with healthy and productive individuals

because most leaders and managers prefer to hear only good news

5. Jeffery Pfeffer showed that about one eighth of all organizations value and prioritize their employees, even under business pressures to cut costs or reallocate their investments. What is TRUE about these organizations compared to the other seven eighths?

They show inferior results on profitability, efficiency, and effectiveness but have superior employee satisfaction.

They show inferior results on profitability and efficiency but superior results on effectiveness and employee satisfaction.

They show inferior results on profitability but superior results on efficiency, effectiveness, and employee satisfaction.

They show superior results on profitability, efficiency, effectiveness, and employee satisfaction.

6. All of the following are direct costs associated with recruitment EXCEPT __________.

conducting a job analysis

advertising the job opening

processing applications

screening applicants

7. The use of realistic job previews correlates negatively with __________.

job performance

organizational commitment

turnover rate

job satisfaction

8. Which four factors have the GREATEST influence on whether an applicant decides to accept a job offer?

the nature of the work; job title; manager’s personality; advancement opportunities

the nature of the work; the location of the work; company culture; advancement opportunities

pay and benefits; opportunity to profit share; job title; manager’s personality

opportunity to profit share; the location of the work; company culture; advancement opportunities

9. According to the author, what is an organization’s most important asset?

its infrastructure

its patents

its people

its reputation

10. Which of the following contemporary organizational departments owes its existence to the Hawthorne studies?

marketing

accounts payable

human resources

sales

11. In what sector do the majority of I/O psychologists work?

nonprofit

private

academia

government

12. What, according to the author, is a problem with positivity?

It provides little incentive to change.

Too few people buy into it.

It draws too much of our attention.

It is unrealistic to maintain.

13. What are the three missions of psychology?

to heal mental illness, treat health problems, and help healthy people be happier

to heal mental illness, help healthy people be happier, and actualize human potential

to treat health problems, help healthy people be happier, and actualize human potential

to heal mental illness, treat health problems, and actualize human potential

14. Who is considered the father of scientific management?

Walter Dill Scott

Hugo Munsterberg

Frederick Winslow Taylor

Walter Van Dyke Bingham

15. Angel is 38 years old and works in the finance industry. Which of the following is TRUE about Angel vis-à-vis the Age Discrimination in Employment Act (ADEA)?

Because the ADEA protects Americans over age 30, Angel is protected from being discriminated against because of his age.

Because the ADEA protects Americans over age 40, Angel is not protected from being discriminated against because of his age.

Because the ADEA protects Americans over age 60, Angel is not protected from being discriminated against because of his age.

Because the ADEA protects Americans of all ages, Angel is protected from being discriminated against because of his age.

16. The practice of hiring less qualified applicants from minority groups in order to avoid appearing discriminatory is called __________.

affirmative action

quid pro quo

disparate impact

reverse discrimination

17. Which of the following recruitment sources is associated with lower employee turnover rates?

employee referrals

job postings

Internet recruitment

college recruitment

18. Which of the following exemplifies what Jeffery Pfeffer and Robert Sutton call the knowing-doing gap?

treating people costs as expenses that should be minimized

viewing people as an investment with quantifiable returns

dealing with people as the organization’s most important asset

regarding managing as more of a science than an art

19. North American and western European cultures tend to place a higher value on __________ than Latin American, Asian, and African cultures.

family values

collectivism

individualism

freedom

20. Which of the following is TRUE about the Americans With Disabilities Act?

Employers with 14 or fewer employees are not covered by the act.

It was passed in 1990 and improved upon by the Family and Medical Leave Act of 1993.

It gives an employer the right to not provide a disability accommodation if doing so imposes an undue hardship on the organization.

It requires the employer to accommodate a person with a disability under all circumstances.

21. All of the following describe challenges that organizations currently face EXCEPT __________.

faulty managerial perceptions and practices have become widespread

unethical behavior is on the rise

baby boomers, born from 1946 to 1964, are retiring at a record pace

in 2011 there were 1 million more male college graduates than female graduates

22. How were psychologists primarily employed during World War I?

They treated post-traumatic stress disorder in soldiers returning from war.

They identified ways to make soldiers more effective.

They were a key part of strategizing which enemy territory to invade.

They worked with families who had lost loved ones in battle.

23. Sylvia is conducting a job analysis for the level one and level two account manager positions at her firm. In doing so, she should consult all of the following EXCEPT __________.

the Dictionary of Occupational Titles

role incumbents

supervisors

job applicants

24.________________describes the shared norms, values, and beliefs found in an organization.

Organizational climate

Work environment

Organizational culture

Psychological climate

25.Which of the following is an advantage of using the observation method to conduct a job analysis?

The analyst need not rely on workers’ ability to recall relevant job details.

The analyst can get workers to exhibit the Hawthorne effect.

The analyst can save time and resources.

The analyst can benefit from the knowledge of subject matter experts.