01 Jul PSYCHOLOGICAL DISORDERS
Discuss the criterion used to distinguish normal and abnormal behavior. Be able to give examples of each (atypical, dysfunctional, distressing & deviant). Explain how culture may influence what is perceived to be “normal”.
What is the DSM and what is its purpose?
Describe symptoms of anxiety.
Discuss phobic disorders, describing general characteristics and the specific examples of agoraphobia and social phobia. How is agoraphobia related to panic attacks? What are some common specific (simple) phobias?
Which type of phobia is easiest to cope with and why? What are some possible causes of phobias?
Describe the obsessive-compulsive disorder.
Discuss various symptoms such as checking, cleaning and counting and give specific examples.
What is the difference between an obsession and a compulsion? Be able to identify examples of each.
Discuss possible causes of this disorder.
Describe what is meant by major depressive disorder and explain how this differs from a bad mood.
What are some of the most common signs and symptoms of depression?
What are the hypothesized causes of depression? Be sure to discuss research on learned helplessness.
Describe what is meant by bipolar disorder. What are some of the most common signs and symptoms of mania?
Discuss the link between depression & suicide.
Are males or females more likely to attempt suicide? Which gender is more likely to commit suicide? Why?
What is a dissociative disorder? When do dissociations tend to occur and why?
Describe dissociative identity (multiple personality) disorder.
What is the difference between multiple personality disorder and schizophrenia?
Discuss the three major symptoms of schizophrenia presented in class (disorder of thought, disturbed perceptions and inappropriate emotions and actions). Be sure to explain the symptoms in detail and be able to identify examples. For example, you should be able to identify the various types of delusions presented in class (persecution, grandeur, thought insertion).
Discuss possible causes of schizophrenia.
Describe antisocial personality disorder. Be sure to consider the defining features of this disorder, common behaviors/symptoms & causes of the disorder. Also be able to give examples.
How common are psychological disorders in America?
At what age do psychological disorders typically emerge?
PERSONALITY
Describe Freuds psychoanalytic perspective. Which part of our mind did Freud emphasize, our conscious or unconscious? Did he think that most people had a good understanding of their own personality? Explain.
Describe the three aspects of personality that Freud proposed (i.e., id, ego, and superego). What role does each play? Discuss how conflicts between the different structures might emerge.
PERSONALITY (CONTINUED)
Give examples of people with strong vs. weak id, strong vs. weak ego, strong vs. weak superego.
Describe the ego defense mechanisms presented in class (i.e., displacement, projection, rationalization, reaction formation, regression, denial, repression and sublimation). Be able to identify examples of each. What purpose do these defense mechanisms serve?
What did Freud believe was at the root of most adults psychological problems?
Describe Freuds psychosexual stages oral incorporative, oral sadistic, anal, phallic, latency genital. How might unmet needs in the oral, anal and phallic stage affect a person later in life (be able to give examples of fixations). What are the causes of fixations?
Discuss what Freud meant by the Oedipus complex, castration anxiety, the Electra complex and penis envy.
What are some of the criticisms of Freuds perspective?
Discuss the trait perspective to describing personality.
Which aspects of traits seem to provide the most useful information on human differences?
List and describe each of the “big five” personality factors.
THERAPY
Theoretically, how does Freud propose that psychological problems should be treated?
Discuss the importance of insight and catharsis during psychoanalysis.
Describe different methods one might use to tap into unconscious motives (consider free association, freudian slips, dream analysis and projective tests).
Discuss the similarities and differences between contemporary therapy approaches and Freudian psychoanlaysis.
Explain the underlying premise of cognitive approaches to therapy. How might the content of peoples thoughts impact psychological states?
Describe behavioral therapies. What is the main goal/purpose? Explain the use of systematic desensitization in treating phobias.
What does research suggest about the effectiveness of psychotherapy?
Briefly discuss biomedical treatments for psychological disorders.
Discuss the use of antipsychotic, antidepressant and anti-anxiety drugs in treating different disorders.
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