Question 1. In the early Twentieth century, the artificial separation of pr

1. In the early Twentieth century, the artificial separation of production workers from responsibility for quality assurance led to an increased focus on quality among both workers and their managers.

2. The measure of efficiency defined as the amount of output achieved per unit of input is referred to as productivity.

3. Management control refers to any planned and systematic activity directed toward providing consumers with products of appropriate quality, along with the confidence that products meet consumers’ requirements.

4. The transcendent definition of quality refers to the notion that “you know quality when you see it.”

5. A product-based definition of quality implies no relationship between the perceived quality of a product and the quantity of some product attribute.

6. A value-based perspective on quality implies a relationship of usefulness to price.

7. Assessment of quality is affected by one’s position in the value chain.

8. Improved quality of design leads to lower costs and improved quality of conformance leads to higher prices.

9. In general, employee empowerment has been viewed as an effective practice for customer-driven organizations that embrace total quality.

10. In any organization, the people who best understand how to improve the product and process are the ones who design them.

11. A cross-functional team is an example of horizontal coordination between organizational units.

12. In total quality, vertical functional relationships are stressed more than horizontal, cross-functional relationships.

13. Empowering workers shifts the responsibility for quality from the factory floor to the quality control department.

14. Business ethics, public health and safety, and environmental issues are beyond the scope of total quality.

15. The employee who conducts a final product inspection is the principle judge of quality under total quality.

16. Process management is an element of the total quality infrastructure.

17. Effective business planning considers the customer as the only relevant stakeholder to the company.

18. The use of self-managed teams that combine teamwork and empowerment is a powerful method of employee involvement.

19. In total quality, vertical functional relationships are stressed more than horizontal, cross-functional relationships.

20. Self-managed teams were the primary means of quality control during the first half of the twentieth century.

21. According to the principles of TQM, quality is synonymous with tight tolerance and conformance to specifications.

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