Question 1. Sensory experiences can strengthen certain neural pathways in

1. Sensory experiences can strengthen certain neural pathways in the infant brain while less used pathways may disappear. This is called __________.

a. habituation

b. plasticity

c. visual acuity

d. intersubjectivity

2. Which of the following sensory/motor systems is least well developed in newborns?

a. taste

b. voluntary motor activity

c. vision

d. hearing

3. Which of the following motor skills is NOT acquired during the first year of life?

a. standing alone

b. running

c. rolling over

d. crawling

4. Infants who are inactive and have mild, low-key reactions to new environmental stimuli, are generally negative in mood, and have a hard time adjusting to new situations are considered to fall within which temperament category?

a. insecure

b. difficult

c. secure

d. slow-to-warm-up

5. During the second half of the first year, two signs of a child’s growing attachment to a specific other person are ________________________.

a. first habits; circular reactions

b. stranger anxiety; separation anxiety

c. rooting; grasping

d. intersubjectivity; matching

6. One-year old Benjamin often returns to his father repeatedly for a hug when playing with his trucks on the family room floor. Returning to his father shows that Benjamin is using his father as a ___________________.

a. habituation point

b. exploration point

c. secure base

d. behavioral base

7. Which of the following is used as evidence that an attachment has been formed?

a. An infant calls to his or her attachment figure by name.

b. An infant tries to maintain physical contact with the object of attachment.

c. An infant acts fussier in the afternoons than in the evenings.

d. An infant shows distress when the loved person comes near.

8. Corey actively explores the living room at his aunt’s house while his mother is sitting on the couch. When she leaves to get a drink in the kitchen, Corey fusses, but he calms down quickly as soon as she returns. Corey may be best described as having a(n) __________ attachment.

a. disorganized

b. anxious-avoidant

c. secure

d. anxious-resistant

9. According to Piaget’s theory, what is the primary mechanism underlying the growth of intelligence during infancy?

a. synchrony

b. sensorimotor adaptation

c. assimilation

d. intersubjectivity

10. The first phase in the development of causal schemes is the phase of _______.

a. insight

b. circular reactions

c. reflexes

d. smiling

11. Which of the following is an example of sensorimotor intelligence?

a. sucking differently from a bottle and from a breast

b. solving an arithmetic problem

c. pretending to be a fireman

d. using words as labels for objects

12. Ricky, who is 6 months old, discovers that if he lets his spoon drop it will fall to the floor and make a noise. He repeatedly drops his spoon and expresses great delight. This behavior is an example of ___________.

a. sensorimotor causality

b. attachment

c. object permanence

d. imprinting

13. Which of the following is among the earliest emotions to be expressed in infancy, before 6 months of age?

a. pleasure

b. pride

c. defiance

d. guilt

14. _______________ illustrates how members of a cultural group build a shared view of reality during infancy.

a. Intersubjectivity

b. Social referencing

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