Question 121. An open aggregate of people with similar social ranking is referred to as a

121. An open aggregate of people with similar social ranking is referred to as a
a) reference group.
b) social class.
c) role.
d) caste.
e) subculture.
122. Our society uses many factors, including occupation, educational level, income, wealth,
religion, race, ethnic group, and possessions, to group people into
a) family types.
b) geographic regions.
c) reference groups.
d) social classes.
e) attitudinal segments.
123. According to Coleman’s major social class categories, which of the following social classes in
our culture has these characteristics: lives in well-kept neighborhoods, likes fashionable items, and is
often found in management positions?
a) Lower class
b) Upper class
c) Middle class
d) Working class
e) First class
124. According to Coleman’s major social class categories, the social class in our society that
favors prestigious schooling, neighborhoods, and brands is the
a) upper class.
b) middle class.
c) upper-lower class.
d) working class.
e) lower class.
125. According to Coleman’s social class categories, the social class that includes approximately
40 percent of the population, shops for bargains, and buys sports and recreational equipment is the
a) upper class.
b) middle class.
c) first class.
d) working class.
e) lower class.
126. A culture can be divided into subcultures according to
a) personality characteristics of individuals in that culture.
b) motives that members of that cultural group have for their behavior.
c) geographic regions or human characteristics, such as age or ethnic background.
d) income levels.
e) information to which consumers allow themselves to be exposed.
127. Market researchers for a local bakery determined that Jewish people consume 63 percent of
the portion of bagels sold in New York City. This is an example of ___________ influence on
consumer buying decision processes.
a) demographic
b) situational
c) subcultural
d) role
e) social class
128. Which American subculture spends the highest proportion of its income on utilities,
footwear, children’s apparel, groceries, and housing?
a) Native Americans
b) Hispanics
c) African Americans
d) Asian Americans
e) Americans over 65 years of age
129. Which of the following is the fastest growing, most affluent subculture in the United States?
a) African Americans
b) Hispanics
c) Asian Americans
d) Native Americans
e) Italian Americans
Use the following to answer questions 130-133:
Consumers use information from many sources when making purchasing decisions, including
information from friends and family members. One of the most dissatisfying consumer experiences
is with auto repair. Aware of this, Karla has asked several of her friends and family members where
they have their cars repaired, since she has been experiencing a problem with her car starting when
the weather is cold. Karla has heard that Skola’s Auto Repair has reasonable prices, but it can be
difficult to get an appointment. However, one of her friends, Steve, had a very poor experience with
Skola’s. Once he complained to them, they fixed the situation and now he prefers their auto shop
over others.
130. The type of problem solving that consumers use to select an auto repair shop would
normally be
a) intensive problem solving.
b) extended problem solving.
c) routinized response behavior.
d) selective problem solving.
e) limited problem solving.
131. A dissatisfied Skola’s Auto Repair customer told a friend about his experience. The friend has
been a long-time Skola’s customer and the next day, didn’t remember what her friend told her. This
is an example of
a) perceptive perception.
b) selective exposure.
c) selective distortion.
d) receptive exposure.
e) selective retention.
132. The change in Steve’s behavior toward Skola’s Auto Repair, caused by the company’s
response to his complaint, is a function of
a) perception.
b) motivation.
c) attitudes.
d) learning.
e) influence.
133. Positive feelings generated by satisfaction with Skola’s response will become part of Steve’s
a) personality.
b) motives.
c) social class.
d) role.
e) attitude.
Use the following to answer questions 134-137:
Both the Toyota Sienna and the Nissan Quest were very popular choices for family vans. Toyota
noticed that the majority of its customers were families with 3 or more children, and so they
developed commercials that featured larger families. They also produced commercials that featured
Hispanic-looking actors and for some markets, in Spanish. Alicia Desario and her husband were
currently shopping for a van for their family. As Alicia listened to an advertisement on the television
about the Nissan Quest, she noticed that the Nissan cost about $27,000 and had gas mileage of
about 17 mpg. She recalled an earlier ad for the Toyota Sienna, that also cost about $27,000, but
had gas mileage of about 21 mpg. She also liked the way the family was portrayed in the Toyota
ad, showing the children in the back seats having plenty of room, watching the DVD players, and
having their own sound controls. When she spoke to Carlos, her husband, about how much she
liked the Toyota van, he replied that it had too low of gas mileage at only 16 mpg. Since Alicia didn’t
agree with that number, he produced a magazine ad that supported his claim of the 16 mpg for the
Toyota. Alicia couldn’t believe that she had made such an error in hearing what the gas mileage was
for the Toyota and the Nissan.
134. The fact that Alicia had remembered the gas mileage of the Toyota Sienna incorrectly is
most likely an example of
a) selective expression.
b) selective retention.
c) perceptual extension.
d) perceptual bias.
e) selective distortion.
135. Carlos’ knowledge of the correct gas mileage is an example of the ____ component of his
attitude toward the Toyota, while Alicia’s feelings about the children in the commercial being happy
in the Toyota van were an example of the _____ component of her attitude.
a) cognitive; affective
b) cognitive; behavioral
c) affective; cognitive
d) affective; behavioral
e) behavioral; affective
136. Toyota’s production of commercials that featured Hispanic actors and the Spanish language
is an example of marketing to
a) cultural self-concepts.
b) social classes.
c) subcultures.
d) roles.

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