Question 21. Single word utterances accompanied by gestures, actions, vocal intonation, and emotion are called ____. a. holophrases

21. Single word utterances accompanied by gestures, actions, vocal intonation, and emotion are called ____.

a. holophrases

b. telegraphic speech

c. fast mapping

d. transformations

22. _______ refers to rules that guide the combination of words and phrases in order to preserve meaning.

a. Grammar

b. Vocabulary

c. Language

d. Symbols

23. What is the difference between language production and receptive language?

a. The first is the ability to understand meaning; the second is the ability to convey one’s meaning.

b. The first is the ability to communicate without language; the second is the ability to communicate with language.

c. The first is the ability to communicate with language; the second is the ability to understand the language of others.

d. The first is the ability to speak; the second is the ability to use gestures.

24. What is telegraphic speech?

a. one word expressions

b. whining, cooing, and grunting

c. two-word sentences

d. vocalization without meaning

25. “Allgone Daddy,” and “Go ByeBye” are examples of ____________________.

a. gestures

b. holophrases

c. fast mapping

d. telegraphic speech

26. Which statement best characterizes early two-word expressions for children across cultures?

a. There is great variation in the types of words and word combinations used within each culture.

b. Children in all cultures say “allgone” or its equivalent as one of their very first two-word sentences.

c. Children rarely make reference to movement or action words.

d. Only English-speaking children use two-word sentences.

27. What are grammatical transformations?

a. rules for word order and for adding modifiers or inflections to convey meaning

b. rules for two-word sentences

c. rules for polite speech

d. ways of expanding on a young child’s language

28. A three-year-old may say, “I runned fast.” This is an example of _________________.

a. two-word sentences

b. overregularization

c. expansion

d. scaffolding

,

29. Which of the following is the earliest milestone in language development?

a. vocabulary of more than 75 words

b. two-word sentences

c. responding to commands such as “Show me your nose”

d. frustration expressed when not understood by adults

30. Marina has a vocabulary of over 50 words and uses two-word phrases. She likes to talk and clearly enjoys participating in social talk. About how old is Marina?

a. 12 months

b. 18 months

c. 24 months

d. 36 months

31. In what way(s) does language play a critical role in adolescent and adult psychosocial crises, especially the establishment of group identity, intimacy, and generativity?

a. attain levels of disclosure that sustain significant personal relationships

b. serves as a mechanism for resolving conflicts

c. serves as a mechanism for building a sense of cohesiveness within groups

d. all of these

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