Question 51. Devil’s advocate technique is similar to brainstorming in that both techni

51. Devil’s advocate technique is similar to brainstorming in that both techniques prevent individuals from challenging other group member’s assumptions.

52. Brainwriting refers to the tendency of people in groups to suppress contrary opinions.

53. Point-counterpoint is a decision-making technique in which people are assigned to express competing points of view.

54. Decision making involves effort both before and after the actual choice.

55. Making a choice is the most significant part of the decision-making process.

56. In the real world, few decisions are certain.

57. A highly ambiguous situation can create what is sometimes called a wicked decision problem.

58. The approach that managers use to make decisions usually falls into one of three types – the classical model, the administrative model, and the political model.

59. The growth of quantitative decision techniques that use computers has reduced the use of the classical approach.

60. According to the classical model of decision making, managers’ searches for alternatives are limited because of human, information, and resource constraints.

61. Good intuitive decision making is based on an ability to recognize patterns at lightning speed.

62. The classical model of decision-making works best in organizations that are made up of groups with diverse interests, goals, and values.

63. Administrative and political decision making procedures and intuition have been associated with high performance in unstable environments in which decisions must be made rapidly and under more difficult conditions.

64. Managers should be asking questions such as “What is the urgency of the problem?” during the development of alternatives stage of managerial decision-making.

65. Individuals with a conceptual decision-making style are more socially oriented than those with an analytical style.

66. When managers look for information that supports their existing instinct or point of view, avoiding information that contradicts it, they are justifying past decisions.

67. Studies show that electronic brainstorming generates about 20 percent fewer ideas than traditional brainstorming.

68. Groupthink refers to the tendency of people in groups to suppress contrary opinions.

69. One area where speed is not particularly crucial is when an organization faces a crisis.

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