08 Jun Question Instructions:
Question
Instructions:
Part A and B correspond to two different chapters. Choose two questions from Part A and
two from Part B. Please make sure to follow the Homework rubric located in your syllabus
before submitting your assignment.
PART A
1. Explain how you would expect a libertarian, a social democrat, and someone with an organic
conception of the state to react to the following laws:
a. A law prohibiting receiving compensation for organ donation.
b. A law mandating helmet use for motorcyclists.
c. A law mandating child safety seats.
d. A law prohibiting prostitution.
e. A law prohibiting polygamy.
f. A law barring the use of trans fats in restaurants.
2. In each of the following circumstances, decide whether the impact of government on the
economy increases or decreases and why. In each case, how does your answer compare to that
given by standard measures of the size of government?
a. Normally, when employers offer health insurance benefits to their workers, these benefits
extend to the spouses of the workers as well. Several years ago, San Francisco passed a law
requiring firms that do business with the city to offer health and other benefits to both same- and
opposite-sex unwed partners.
b. The federal government bans the use of incandescent light bulbs.
c. The ratio of government purchases of goods and services to Gross Domestic Product falls.
d. The federal budget is brought into balance by reducing grants-in-aid to state and local
governments.
3. In 1996 President Clinton declared that the era of big government is over. Has the size of
government fallen since then? Provide an answer based on the following data: In 1996, federal
government spending was $1.56 trillion and Gross Domestic Product (GDP) was $7.82 trillion.
In 2007, federal spending was $2.73 trillion and GDP was $13.76 trillion. During this period,
prices increased by about 34 percent. What additional data would you seek to provide a more
complete answer to this question?
4. The following table shows the composition of US federal expenditures in 1993, 1997, 2001,
and 2005.
Defense
Health
Medicare
Income security
Social Security
Net interest
Other
Total
Federal Expenditures ($ billions)
1993
1997
2001
2005
308.30
285.70
321.30
529.90
99.40
123.80
172.30
250.60
130.60
190.00
217.40
298.60
210.00
235.00
269.80
345.80
304.60
365.30
433.00
523.30
198.70
244.00
206.20
184.00
158.00
157.40
243.40
339.90
1,409.60 1,601.20 1,863.40 2,472.10
From 1993 to 1997, GDP went from $6.6574 trillion to $8.3043 trillion, the GDP price deflator
(used to calculate inflation) went from 88.381 to 95.414, and the population went from 260.255
million to 272.912 million. From 2001 to 2005, GDP went from $10.128 trillion to $13.1947
trillion, the GDP price deflator went from 102.399 to 113.000, and the population went from
285.454 million to 296.940 million.
a. For the years 1993 to 1997 and 2001 to 2005, calculate the absolute change in federal
expenditures, the change in federal expenditures in real (i.e., inflation-adjusted) terms, the
change in real government expenditures per capita, and the change in expenditures per GDP.
b. Which components of the budget had the largest relative increases from 1993 to 1997 and
from 2001 to 2005? Which had the largest relative decreases?
5. The following table shows the composition of US federal tax re
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