04 Jun Question Structured Class Discussion 2 Instruction:
Question
Structured Class Discussion 2
Instruction:
Read the Nielsen and Fiore (2000) article in preparation for an open class discussion on June 10. Use the questions below to guide your preparation. Additionally reading the House (2008) article is advised but not necessary.
· General observations:
o What type of research design is used in the Smoking Cessation trials?
o How many control and treatment groups are there?
o What methods are employed? How is decision-tree analysis used?
o What part did the drug company play in the study?
o Is the study flawed?
· Are there validity issues in the study? What threats to the credibility of findings do these pose?
· Statistical conclusions validity:
o Is the sample size appropriate?
o What sampling methods are used?
o What statistical tests are used?
o How is attrition treated? What assumptions are made about drop-outs?
· Internal validity:
o How did they select participants for the study?
o Was the assignment to treatment and control groups random?
o Are there socioeconomic, demographic or inherent differences between the control and treatment groups?
o Are there plausible rival hypotheses?
· Construct validity:
o How is the study funded? Who is the sponsor? Can this impact the findings? How?
o Was there dosage manipulation?
o Was there manipulation of timescales?
o What do you make of using the placebo as a comparator in this study?
o Who does the data collection and reporting?
o What do you think of using “point-prevalence” to measure the key outcome?
o Are there any Hawthorne Effects or John Henry Effects at play?
o How valuable was the use of a meta-analysis?
· External validity:
o Can the results be generalized to other settings?
o Consider demographic make-up of the study group.
· Other considerations:
o Does authorship matter?
o Is there selective publishing? Are negative results being suppressed?
o Does the rigor of randomized controlled experiments combat researcher bias?
o What are the potential solutions/safeguards that should be taken for similar evaluations?
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