25 Jun Retroviruses are named because their reverse transcriptase
Question
Quiz 4 Unit 4 Viruses (25 points)
Below is a copy of Quiz 4 (25 points). Read each question carefully and answer them. This is an open book quiz, however, you are expected to do your own work and for the short answer questions write the answers using your own words(points will be deducted for answers quoted or copied from the modules, textbook, or other sources).
You mustprovide complete citations in APA format (you don’t need to double space) for the sources of information you used to support your answers for the questions in Part B. If you include them at the end of the quiz, then include in-text citations. The topic title should be included in citations from the course modules, Boundless Microbiology and other multi-topic sources. No credit for questions without citations.
The quiz is due no later than November 2911:59 P.M. Eastern Time. See the syllabus for the policy on late submissions. Submit your answers as a Word attachment. Don’t forget to start the file name of the attachment with your last name, first name initial and Quiz 4 (e.g., Smith J.Quiz 4. doc). Since I download the quizzes and grade them offline this prevents any problems of overwriting on quizzes with the same file name.
Part A. Multiple Choice and Fill in the Blank(1 point each)
1. Retroviruses are named because their reverse transcriptase
a. reverses the action of drugs on viruses.
b. reverses the ability of viruses to associate with cells.
c. reverses the response to antibiotics.
d. reverses the flow of genetic information from RNA to DNA.
e. all of the above.
2. Which of the following structures is responsible for the changes in influenza viruses that necessitates the development of a new vaccine each season?
a. Changes in the envelope phospholipids
b. Changes in the surface spike proteins
c. Changes in the internal capsid proteins
d. Changes in the RNA genome
e. All of the above
3. The release of the viral genome from the capsid is called
a. Endocytosis
b. Uncoating
c. Penetration
d. Biosynthesis
e. Maturation
4. How can an individual end up with spongiform disease?
a. Eating meat with PrPSc (infectious PrP-res)
b. Inherited a mutation in the gene coding for PrPc (PrP-sen)
c. A spontaneous mutation that changes the PrPc form to the PrPSc form
d. All of the above
5. Which of the following explains why viruses are only able to multiply in living cells?
a. Viruses are too small to multiply outside of living cells.
b. Viruses do not have the necessary components for self-replication
c. Their binary fission is controlled by host cell genes
d. All of the above
Part B. Short Answers(4 points each)
Answer the questions below as completely and as thoroughly as possible and where appropriate include a specific example to illustrate. Answer the questions in essay form (not as an outline or bullets) using complete sentences. You may use a diagram or table to supplement your answers, but a diagram or table alone without appropriate discussion will not be adequate for full credit.
Reminder: All answers must be written in your own words and include complete and accurate citations for the sources you used or that support your answer. No points will be earned for answers without citations or with incorrect citations.
6. Name the structural components common to viruses and describe the function of each. Describe at least three structural characteristics that contribute to the high diversity in types of animal viruses and give examples to illustrate the differences.
7. Describe the steps from viral attachment to the host cells and translation of the HIV genome in the host cell and the role of the viral enzyme reverse transcriptase in the process. Include the names of the stages of the life cycle.
8. PrPc (PrP-sensitive) and PrPSc (infectious PrP-resistant) are two forms of prion proteins. Describe structural similarities and differences between the two forms of the protein. Describe what is known about the possible function of the normal form and explain how the infectious forms are thought to cause transmissible spongiform encephalopathies
9.State the normal function of proto-oncogenes, and describe how some viruses may contribute to the development of tumors by altering proto-oncogenes. Name two oncogenic viruses and the type of cancer they cause.
10. How do viruses cause disease?
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