Seaport ECOL-C100 midterm exam

27 Jun Seaport ECOL-C100 midterm exam

Question

1. Ecology is the study of

plants.

animals.

global climate change.

relationships between organisms and their environment.

the chemistry of living things

2. Which of the following is not a renewable resource?

groundwater

trees

soil

oil

wildlife

3. Large ecological regions with characteristic types of natural vegetation and distinctive animals adapted to them are called

communities

ecosystems

biomes

ecospheres

populations

4. The first law of thermodynamics tells us that

Doing work always creates heat.

Altering matter is the best source of energy.

Energy cannot be recycled.

Energy is neither created nor destroyed.

Energy cannot be converted.

5. Nature reveals three basic principles that could help transition to sustainable societies. Which of the following is NOT one of those principles?

reliance on solar energy

biodiversity

nutrient cycling

survival of the fittest

none of these answers

6. Which of the following is an example of a density dependent population control

parasites

predators

infectious diseases

competitors with high niche overlap

all of these answers

7. One way that species evolve over time to reduce niche overlap is called

competitive exclusion principle

resource partitioning

population distribution

chemical warfare

mimicry

8. Which of the following would exhibit primary succession?

a rock exposed by a retreating glacier

an abandoned farm

a clear-cut forest

newly flooded land

a recently burned forest

9. Complex feeding patters for consumers in an ecosystem are called

food webs

food chains

trophic levels

pyramids of energy

trophic chains

10. What is the primary difference between renewable resources and nonrenewable resources?

how easily they are discovered

the amount of the resource

the length of time it takes for the resource to be replenished or renewed

how fast they are being used up

the quality of the resource

11. Emigration is

the one-way movement of individuals into an established population

the one-way movement of individuals out of an uninhabited area

the one-way movement of individuals out of a population to another area

the repeated movement into and out of an area

the lack of immigration into an area

12. Parasites

harm but do not kill hosts immediately

are usually larger then their hosts

must be internal to their hosts

may strengthen their hosts over a long period of time

are usually microscopic (cannot be seen with naked eye)

13. A species in an ecosystem that plays a central role in the health of that ecosystem, and whose removal may cause the collapse of the ecosystem, is called a(n)

foundation species

indicator species

native species

keystone species

specialist species

14. Which of the following would NOT be organic molecules?

lipids

nucleic acids

hydrocarbons

proteins

water

15. A negative feedback loop is illustrated by all of the following EXCEPT

decelerating loss of heat as a pan of hot water is removed from the stove

exponential population growth rate

sweating to cool your body during and after vigorous exercise

a thermostat maintaining a certain temperature in your house

None of the above

16. Exponential growth followed by a steady decrease in population growth until the population size levels off is typical of

logistic growth

environmental resistance

exponential growth

carrying capacity

biotic potential

17. Some individuals in a population have genetic traits that enhance their ability to survive and produce offspring, a process called

natural selection

adaptability

genetic drift

mutation

theory of acquired traits

18. Which of the following is the usual order of applying the scientific process to a problem?

hypothesis-question-observation-experimentation-conclusion-analysis

hypothesis-conclusion-question-observation-experimentation-analysis

observation-hypothesis-conclusion-experimentation-analysis-question

observation-question-hypothesis-experimentation-analysis-conclusion

hypothesis-experimentation-observation-analysis-question-conclusion

19. Large terrestrial regions with similar characteristics are

ecosystems

communities

populations

habitats

biomes

20. Each trophic level in a food chain or food web contains a certain amount of organic matter, called

food

energy

biomass

organisms

decomposition

21. Which of the following is said to occur when an interaction benefits one species but has little, if any, effect on the other

interspecific competition

predation

parasitism

mutualism

commensalism

22. The combination of all factors that limit population growth are known as?

physical tolerance

chemical tolerance

physical & chemical tolerance

environmental resistance

population age structure

23. Geographic isolation may result from which of the following?

volcanic eruption

river

mountain range

road

All of the above

24. Which of the following is NOT an example of an indicator species?

trout in water with a specific temperature requirement

birds that need a large forested area

butterflies that use a specific plant as food

frogs that take in water and air though their skin

All are example of indicatory species

25. Density dependence population controls means

high rate of population increase.

low rate of population increase.

population growth declines as density increases

population growth increases as density increases

all of these answers

26. Which is our best immediate energy option?

Find and burn more forms of oil, natural gas, and coal.

Cut out unnecessary energy waste by improving energy efficiency.

Build more and better conventional nuclear power plants.

Increase efforts to develop breeder nuclear fission and nuclear fusion.

Discover a new form of energy.

27. The ocean zone that covers the continental shelf is the

bathyal zone

coastal zone

littoral zone

benthic zone

abyssal zone

28. In lakes, the nutrient-rich water near the shore is part of the

limnetic zone

benthic zone

littoral zone

profundal zone

abyssal zone

29. A type of inland wetland that are depressions that have been carved out by ancient glaciers are known as

floodplains

swamps

marshes

prairie potholes

arctic tundra

30. Which of the following would be characteristic of the profundal zone?

rooted plants

low oxygen levels

nourished by dead matter

main photosynthetic layer

turtles, frogs, crayfish, perch

31. Oysters, clams, and lobsters would be part of which of the following

phytoplankton

zooplankton

nekton

benthos

decomposers

32. The world’s second fastest growing energy resource is

hydropower

wind power

nuclear power

solar power

tidal energy

33. The deepest part of the ocean is the

abyssal zone

euphotic zone

estuary zone

bathyal zone

benthic zone

34. Widely scattered clumps of trees, warm temperatures year-round, alternating dry and wet seasons, with herds of herbivores are the characteristics of which of the following?

tall-grass prairie

temperate grasslands

temperate forest

coastal forest

savanna

35. The severity of an earthquake is a measure of its seismic waves, and is called

epicenter

focus

magnitude

ridges

valleys

36. Clear-cutting does all of the following EXCEPT

greatly increases water runoff

increases loss of soil nutrients

increases death of vegetation

increases recreation

increases pollution of streams

37. All of the following are part of the saltwater or marine aquatic life zones, EXCEPT

oceans

estuaries

inland wetlands

coastal wetlands

shorelines