System analysis and design

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Systems Analysis and Design in a Changing World,

Fifth Edition

John W. Satzinger, Robert B. Jackson,

Stephen D. Burd

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ISBN-13:9781423902287

ISBN-10:1-4239-0228-9

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DEDICATION

To JoAnn, Brian, Kevin, LaVone, and Arnie—JWS To my immediate and extended family—RBJ

To Dee, Amelia, and Alex—SDB

Copyright 2010 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part.

BRIEF CONTENTS

PART 1:	The Systems Analyst
Chapter	1	The World of the Information Systems Analyst	2
Chapter	2	Approaches to System Development	36
Chapter	3	The Analyst as a Project Manager	72
PART 2:	Systems Analysis Activities
Chapter	4	Investigating System Requirements	116
Chapter	5	Modeling System Requirements	158
Chapter	6	The Traditional Approach to Requirements	202
Chapter	7	The Object-Oriented Approach to Requirements	238
Chapter	8	Evaluating Alternatives for Requirements,	280
			Environment, and Implementation
PART 3:	Systems Design Tasks
Chapter	9	Elements of Systems Design	314
Chapter	10	The Traditional Approach to Design	352
Chapter	11	Object-Oriented Design: Principles	386
Chapter	12	Object-Oriented Design: Use Case Realizations	428
Chapter	13	Designing Databases	486
Chapter	14	Designing the User Interface	528
Chapter	15	Designing System Interfaces, Controls, and Security	568
PART 4:	Implementation and Support
Chapter	16	Making the System Operational	616
Chapter	17	Current Trends in System Development	660
Index							701

Online Supplemental Web Resources

Online Supplemental Chapter 1 Packages and Enterprise Resource Planning Online Appendices A, B, C, D, and E

Glossary

iv

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

Note that more material is available at the book’s Web site, including an online chapter and appendices. For information, see the “Student Companion Web Site” section in this preface.

PART 1 The Systems Analyst

Chapter 1	The World of the Information Systems Analyst	2
	A Systems Analyst at Consolidated Refineries	3
	Overview	4
	The Analyst as a Business Problem Solver	4
	Systems That Solve Business Problems	6
	Required Skills of the Systems Analyst	10
	Analysis-Related Careers	14
	The Analyst’s Role in Strategic Planning	16
	Rocky Mountain Outfitters and Its Strategic Information Systems Plan	18
	The Analyst as a System Developer (the Heart of the Course)	27
	Summary	31
	Key Terms	31
	Review Questions	32
	Thinking Critically	32
	Experiential Exercises	32
	Case Studies	33
	Further Resources	35

Chapter 2 Approaches to System Development	36
Development Approaches at Ajax Corporation, Consolidated Concepts,	37
and Pinnacle Manufacturing
Overview	37
The Systems Development Life Cycle	38
Activities of Each SDLC “Phase”	45
Methodologies, Models, Tools, and Techniques	49
Two Approaches to System Development	53
Current Trends in Development	61
Tools to Support System Development	63
Summary	67
Key Terms	67
Review Questions	68
Thinking Critically	68

Copyright 2010 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

	Experiential Exercises	69
	Case Studies	69
	Further Resources	71
Chapter 3	The Analyst as a Project Manager	72
	Bestway Fuel Systems: Moving to an Adaptive SDLC	73
	Overview	73
	Project Management	74
	Project Initiation and Project Planning	83
	Defining the Problem	87
	Producing the Project Schedule	90
	Identifying Project Risks and Confirming Project Feasibility	99
	Staffing and Launching the Project	107
	Recap of Project Planning for RMO	109
	Summary	111
	Key Terms	111
	Review Questions	112
	Thinking Critically	112
	Experiential Exercises	113
	Case Studies	113
	Further Resources	114

PART 2 Systems Analysis Activities

Chapter 4 Investigating System Requirements	116
Mountain States Motor Sports	117
Overview	118
Analysis Activities in More Detail	119
System Requirements	122
Models and Modeling	124
Stakeholders—The Source of System Requirements	128
Techniques for Information Gathering	133
Validating the Requirements	150
Summary	153
Key Terms	154
Review Questions	154

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

Thinking Critically	154
Experiential Exercises	155
Case Studies	156
Further Resources	157
Chapter 5 Modeling System Requirements	158
Waiters on Call Meal-Delivery System	159
Overview	160
User Goals, Events, and Use Cases	160
Use Case Descriptions	171
“Things” in the Problem Domain	176
The Entity-Relationship Diagram	182
The Domain Model Class Diagram	187
Where You Are Headed	194
Summary	195
Key Terms	195
Review Questions	196
Thinking Critically	196
Experiential Exercises	197
Case Studies	198
Further Resources	201
Chapter 6 The Traditional Approach to Requirements	202
San Diego Periodicals: Following the Data Flow	203
Overview	204
Traditional and Object-Oriented Views of Activities/Use Cases	205
Data Flow Diagrams	205
Documentation of DFD Components	221
Locations and Communication through Networks	230
Summary	234
Key Terms	234
Review Questions	234
Thinking Critically	235
Experiential Exercises	235
Case Studies	235
Further Resources	237

Copyright 2010 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Chapter 7 The Object-Oriented Approach to Requirements	238
Electronics Unlimited, Inc.: Integrating the Supply Chain	239
Overview	239
Object-Oriented Requirements	240
The System Activities—A Use Case/Scenario View	242
Identifying Inputs and Outputs—The System Sequence Diagram	252
Identifying Object Behavior—The State Machine Diagram	260
Integrating Object-Oriented Models	269
Summary	271
Key Terms	271
Review Questions	271
Thinking Critically	272
Experiential Exercises	275
Case Studies	276
Further Resources	279
Chapter 8 Evaluating Alternatives for Requirements,
Environment, and Implementation	280
Tropic Fish Tales: Netting the Right System	281
Overview	281
Project Management Perspective	283
Deciding on Scope and Level of Automation	284
Defining the Application Deployment Environment	291
Choosing Implementation Alternatives	297
Contracting with Vendors	305
Presenting the Results and Making the Decisions	307
Summary	309
Key Terms	309
Review Questions	309
Thinking Critically	310
Experiential Exercises	310
Case Studies	311
Further Resources	312

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

PART 3 Systems Design Tasks

Chapter 9	Elements of Systems Design	314
	Fairchild Pharmaceuticals: Finalizing Architectural Design for a Production System	315
	Overview	316
	Project Management Revisited: Execution and Control of Projects	317
	Understanding the Elements of Design	324
	Design Activities	330
	Network Design	334
	The Deployment Environment and Application Architecture	339
	Summary	349
	Key Terms	349
	Review Questions	350
	Thinking Critically	350
	Experiential Exercises	350
	Case Studies	351
	Further Resources	351

Chapter 10 The Traditional Approach to Design	352
Theatre Systems, Inc.: Something Old, Something New	353
Overview	354
The Structured Approach to Designing the Application Architecture	354
The Automation System Boundary	355
The System Flowchart	357
The Structure Chart	360
Module Algorithm Design: Pseudocode	371
Integrating Structured Application Design with Other Design Tasks	373
Three-Layer Design	374
Summary	379
Key Terms	379
Review Questions	379
Thinking Critically	380
Experiential Exercises	384
Case Studies	384
Further Resources	385

Copyright 2010 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Chapter 11 Object-Oriented Design: Principles	386
New Capital Bank: Part 1	387
Overview	388
Object-Oriented Design: Bridging from Analysis to Implementation	388
Object-Oriented Architectural Design	392
Fundamental Principles of Object-Oriented Detailed Design	404
Design Classes and the Design Class Diagram	409
Detailed Design with CRC Cards	416
Fundamental Detailed Design Principles	419
Summary	423
Key Terms	423
Review Questions	424
Thinking Critically	424
Experiential Exercises	425
Case Studies	425
Further Resources	427

Chapter 12 Object-Oriented Design: Use Case Realizations	428
New Capital Bank: Part 2	429
Overview	429
Detailed Design of Multilayer Systems	430
Use Case Realization with Sequence Diagrams	433
Designing with Communication Diagrams	454
Updating and Packaging the Design Classes	457
Design Patterns	463
Summary	473
Key Terms	473
Review Questions	474
Thinking Critically	475
Experiential Exercises	483
Case Studies	484
Further Resources	485

x

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

Chapter 13 Designing Databases	486
Nationwide Books: Designing a New Database	487
Overview	488
Databases and Database Management Systems	488
Relational Databases	490
Object-Oriented Databases	503
Hybrid Object-Relational Database Design	510
Data Types	514
Distributed Databases	516
Summary	524
Key Terms	524
Review Questions	524
Thinking Critically	525
Experiential Exercises	526
Case Studies	526
Further Resources	527

Chapter 14 Designing the User Interface	528
Interface Design at Aviation Electronics	529
Overview	529
Identifying and Classifying Inputs and Outputs	530
Understanding the User Interface	532
Guidelines for Designing User Interfaces	540
Documenting Dialog Designs	544
Guidelines for Designing Windows and Browser Forms	549
Guidelines for Designing Web Sites	552
Designing Dialogs for Rocky Mountain Outfitters	554
Summary	562
Key Terms	562
Review Questions	563
Thinking Critically	563
Experiential Exercises	564
Case Studies	564
Further Resources	567

Copyright 2010 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Chapter 15 Designing System Interfaces, Controls, and Security	568
Downslope Ski Company: Designing a Secure Supplier System Interface	569
Overview	570
Identifying System Interfaces	570
Designing System Inputs	574
Designing System Outputs	582
Designing Integrity Controls	592
Designing Security Controls	599
Summary	607
Key Terms	607
Review Questions	608
Thinking Critically	609
Experiential Exercises	611
Case Studies	611
Further Resources	613

PART 4 Implementation and Support

Chapter 16 Making the System Operational	616
Tri-State Heating Oil: Juggling Priorities to Begin Operation	617
Overview	618
Program Development	619
Quality Assurance	631
Data Conversion	639
Installation	641
Documentation	646
Training and User Support	650
Maintenance and System Enhancement	652
Summary	656
Key Terms	656
Review Questions	656
Thinking Critically	657
Experiential Exercises	658
Case Studies	658
Further Resources	659

xii

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

Chapter 17 Current Trends in System Development	660
Valley Regional Hospital: Measuring a Project’s Progress	661
Overview	661
Software Principles and Practices	662
Adaptive Methodologies to Development	666
Model-Driven Architecture—Generalizing Solutions	684
Frameworks, Components, and Services	687
Summary	695
Key Terms	695
Review Questions	696
Thinking Critically	696
Experiential Exercises	697
Case Studies	698
Further Resources	699
Index	701

Supplemental Web Resources

Online Supplemental Chapter 1 Packages and Enterprise Resource Planning

Premier Candy Corp.: The Possible Pitfalls of ERP

Overview

Packaged Software

Enterprise Resource Planning

A Closer Look at One ERP Package: SAP R/3

Summary

Key Terms

Review Questions

Thinking Critically

Experiential Exercises

Case Studies

Further Resources

Online Appendix A Principles of Project Management

Online Appendix B Project Schedules with PERT/CPM Charts

Online Appendix C Calculating Net Present Value, Payback Period, and Return

on Investment

Online Appendix D Presenting the Results to Management

Online Appendix E Guide to Using Microsoft Project

Glossary

x

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