11 Jun The California Condor was part of an aggressive
Question
The California Condor was part of an aggressive captive breeding
program aimed at increasing its breeding population and preventing future extinction.
What characteristics of the California Condor and other endangered
species make them so susceptible to possible extinction?
I. specialized niche
II. low reproductive rate ( K- strategist)
III. narrow distribution
IV. feeds at high trophic levels I, II, III, IV
I only
I, and II only
I, II and IV only
II, III, IV only 4 points QUESTION 2
Which of the following statements is incorrect concerning invasive
species? They are introduced species such as corn, wheat, and rice that supply a large percentage of the food supply.
Most invasive species have no natural predators or competitors in
their new environment.
Invasive species can cause ecological and economical loss. Very few invasive species have any negative economic impact on
the country affected.
Invasive species are introduced intentionally or accidentally to the
new environment. 4 points QUESTION 3 This is a graph of the extinction intensity over time. The Y axis is
the % genera going extinct at any given time and the X- axis is
time.
What do A and B represent here? A= local extinction, B= mass extinction
A= mass extinction, B= background extinction A= background extinction, B= mass extinction
A and B are mass extinctions
A and B are both ecological extinctions 4 points QUESTION 4
If there were only 1 million organisms on earth, what would be the
approximate number of organisms to go extinct over 2 years? 100
1,000
200,000
1,999
190 4 points QUESTION 5
It is estimated that in 1800 there were at least 350,000 gray wolves
in the lower 48 states. By 1973 there it was estimated that there
was only a few hundred remaining in those same states. This is an
example of habitat destruction species extinction
climate change
ecological extinction
biological extinction 4 points QUESTION 6 Based on this graph, 59% of endangered natural capital is comprised of these two groups reptiles and birds
plants and animals
mammals and reptiles
fish and birds
mammals and fish 4 points QUESTION 7
The Eastern Hare Wallaby of Australia and the Puerto Rican Flower
Bat are no longer found on Earth. This is called: an invasive species
local extinction
mass extinction
ecological extinction
biological extinction 4 points QUESTION 8
Using this extinction model above, what trend is found in all regions? The appearance of Homo sapiens caused in increase in the percent
survival of large mammal species.
There was a decline in survival rate of mammals in each area after
Homo sapiens entered the continent.
All continents with the exception of Africa, saw a decline in the
number of large mammals.
There was no impact of the survival of large mammals as Homo
sapiens entered a continent.
Madagascar and Africa saw the largest decline in large mammal
species as a result of humans populating the continents. 4 points QUESTION 9
What is the number one human-made cause of premature extinction of species? climate change
overharvesting
pollution
habitat destruction
population growth 4 points QUESTION 10
Estimating the rate of extinction is difficult because
I. Rate of biodiversity loss will likely increase as human population
rises
II. Only 1.8 million species have been identified; those not yet identified may go extinct before they are recorded
III. very little is known about all the ecological roles that organisms
play in nature I only
II only
III only I, and III
I, II, and III 4 points QUESTION 11
As more and more rainforests are being cleared and used for grazing and agriculture, many plants, some even that have not been
discovered are being eliminated. This may lead to premature extinction of many species and genetic information for these plants
will be lost forever. This value that we place on these plants and
their genetic information is a form of: instrumental value
existence value
HIPPCO
reproductive capacity
extinction 4 points QUESTION 12
What impact would the loss of genetic information from a premature extinction have on food? The loss of genetic information may mean not understanding what
allows cash crops like corn, wheat, and barley to adapt to a changing environment. Genetic information from plants and animals helps engineers find
ways to make crops more resistant to pests.
Premature extinction may mean not finding a way to genetically
modify plants to be more drought resistant .
Loss of genetic information of species not yet discovered would be
loss if premature extinction occurs. This may mean never finding a
cure for a disease or sickness.
All of these are impacts of the loss of genetic information due to
premature extinction. 4 points QUESTION 13
The Endangered Species Act has been very controversial since its
inception in 1973.
What aspect(s) of the endangered species act make it a source for
controversy? NOAA and National Marine Fisheries list species as endangered or
threatened.
90% of all species on this list spend some amount of time on private property, which is difficult to manage.
There are no species that are currently endangered or threatened
to add to the list.
CITES already encompasses protection of these species.
those that have developed unique ecological features due to their
old age 4 points QUESTION 14
The Pine Grosbeak (Pinicola enucleator), breeds in the Northern
Cascade Mountains in Washington State. A study was done over a
several year period where the number of successful Pine Grosbeak
nests, meaning produced offspring, was compared with its distance
from the nearest logging road. Below represents the data from that
study. What can be hypothesized, based on the information provided,
about the relationship between the number of successful pine grosbeak nests and the distance from a logging road? The success of a pine grosbeaks nest is not directly impacted by
the distance from a logging road.
The success of a pine grosbeaks nest seems related to the distance
it is from a logging road.
The failure or success of a pine grosbeaks nest is not dependent on
the distance from a logging road. Pine grosbeaks are adapted to urban and suburban habitats in the
Cascade mountains and therefore are not impacted by the distance
from a logging road.
If this study was conducted again, nests at a distance of 350 meters or more would see a slight decline in the number of successful
nests. 4 points QUESTION 15
Unfenced grasslands in tropical and temperate climates that supply
forage for grazing animals are called pastures
rangelands
savannah
steppes
veldt 4 points QUESTION 16
The Pine Grosbeak (Pinicola enucleator), breeds in the Northern
Cascade Mountains in Washington State. A study was done over a
several year period where the number of successful Pine Grosbeak
nests, meaning produced offspring, was compared with its distance
from the nearest logging road. Below represents the data from that
study. What is the relationship between the number of successful nests
and the distance from a logging road? The greater the distance from a logging road, the less number of
successful nests.
The closer to a logging road, the greater number of successful
nests.
The greater the distance from a logging road, the greater number of
successful nests.
There is no relationship between the distance from a logging road
and the number of successful nests.
If this study was conducted again, nests at a distance of 350 meters or more would see a slight decline in the number of successful
nests. 4 points QUESTION 17
Managed grasslands that are enclosed and usually planted with domesticated vegetation are known as: rangeland
pastures
corridors
parks
wildlife zones 4 points QUESTION 18
Characteristics of old-growth forests include all but the following: evidence of a major disturbance, such as fire, logging, or insect infestation
tip up piles
bogs
trees over 100 years in age with unique characteristics
the number of offspring the pine grosbeaks produced 4 points QUESTION 19
Tropical deforestation results from all of the following except subsistence farmers trying to grow food to survive
establishment of vast plantations for soybeans and oil palm
government taxes on timber harvesting
need for space to graze cattle
poverty 4 points QUESTION 20
Which of the following are important ecological services provided
by forests? Choose all that apply.
I. Reduction of soil erosion
II. Release of atmospheric carbon
III. Purify water and air
IV. Influence local and regional climate
V. Provide numerous wildlife habitats I, II, III
I, III, V
II, IV, V
I, III, IV, V I, II, III, IV, V 4 points QUESTION 21
What are some effective management techniques for grasslands?
I. Controlled burns
II. Fencing off fragile stream and river beds to avoid erosion from
grazing animals
III. Grazing rotation so to limit overeating of vegetation I only
II only
III only
I, II only
I, II, III 4 points QUESTION 22
Though all fires were once thought of as harmful to forest ecosystems, we now know that fires
I. help cycle nutrients in the ecosystem.
II. help some plants release their seeds
III. help control invasive species I
II III
I, II
I, II, III 4 points QUESTION 23
Commercial fishing has taken a toll on many marine species.
What are the methods illustrated here in the correct order? A= Trawler fishing
B=Drift net fishing
C=Purse-seine fishing
D=Drift-net fishing
E=Long-line fishing
A= Trawler fishing
B=Long-line fishing
C=Fish farming
D=Purse-seine fishing
E=Drift-net fishing
A= Purse-seine fishing
B=Trawler fishing
C=Drift-net fishing
D=Long-lone fishing
E=Fish farming
A= Fish farming
B=Long-line fishing
C=Trawler Fishing
D= Purse-Seine fishing
E=Drift-net fishing
A= Drift-net fishing
B=Fish farming
C=Long-line fishing
D= Trawler Fishing
E=Purse-Seine fishing 4 points QUESTION 24
What may have contributed to the collapse of the cod fishery
shown in this graph?
I. bottom trawlers
II. habitat degradation III. climate change I, II, III
I only
I, III only
III only
I, II only 4 points QUESTION 25
Which is true of fishery regulations? Government regulates many fisheries, setting catch limits determined by scientists.
Sometimes estimating and monitoring fish populations is difficult,
so we need to learn more about fish biology and ocean conditions
to enable scientists to get better data.
Catch limits don’t always use the optimum sustainable yield as their
quota.
Fishery regulations can limit fishing seasons and determine what
fishing gear is acceptable for use.
All of these are true with respect to fishery regulation. 4 points QUESTION 26
Sea turtle tourism is big business. In one study by the world wildlife
fund, it is estimated that tourism money brought in over double the
dollars as did the money from harvesting the turtles for meat,
shells, etc. This study and others like it can be used for economic incentive to sustain aquatic biodiversity
economic incentive to decrease aquatic biodiversity
ecological incentive to sustain aquatic biodiversity
ecological incentive to decrease aquatic biodiversity ecological incentive to increase aquatic biodiversity 4 points QUESTION 27
It has been shown that when a network of marine preserves are established that fish populations significantly increase in size, species
diversity rises, and nearby fisheries also benefit from the larvae
which is carried by currents outside of the reserve. As this marine
preserve is maintained now in and in the future, this demonstrates
the: ecosystem approach to maintaining marine sustainability
habitat restoration of specific species such as the sea turtle
global effort to increase terrestrial and marine organisms
economic benefit of tourism based on key species
environmental impacts of overfishing and resource consumption 4 points QUESTION 28
How does restoring wetlands promote sustainability? habitat is provided for many endangered bird and fish species
diversity of the flora and fauna in the area increases
education and scientific endeavors on wetland habitat is encouraged community and population ecosystem health is improved
all of these are ways that sustainability is achieved by restoring degraded wetlands 4 points QUESTION 29
The red shiner (Cyprinella lutrensis) is invasive species which has
inhabited many south eastern streams and has caused a decrease
in stream biodiversity, degraded the natural habitat and has recently hybridized with many of the native species of fish in the
area. It is believed that the red shiner was introduced to these
southeastern streams through bait buckets from recreational fisherman. Many studies have been done in order to understand how this
fish has been introduced, how it has colonized the area and also
how it managed to reduce the genetic and biological diversity of
these streams. Below represents the collection of data from one
study done on the red shiner. What is the overall trend presented in this graph? all of the species recorded in this experiment decreased in number
from 1990-2008.
The red shiner decreased in number of time as other species increased.
The red shiner population increased while most species either decreased in number or stayed relatively stable.
There was a significant decrease in all fish species including the invasive species in this study.
From the data presented an overall trend cannot be determined in
this experiment. 4 points QUESTION 30
The red shiner (Cyprinella lutrensis) is invasive species which has
inhabited many south eastern streams and has caused a decrease
in stream biodiversity, degraded the natural habitat and has recently hybridized with many of the native species of fish in the
area. It is believed that the red shiner was introduced to these
southeastern streams through bait buckets from recreational fisherman. Many studies have been done in order to understand how this
fish has been introduced, how it has colonized the area and also
how it managed to reduce the genetic and biological diversity of
these streams. Below represents the collection of data from one
study done on the red shiner. What is the dependent variable in this experiment? the years in which the data was collected
the population numbers of fish species collected
the introduction of the red shiner
the South River
the decrease of biodiversity on the south river
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