13 Jun The HIV virus that causes AIDS specifically attacks and kills helper
Question
EXAM 4 Fall 2010 FORMA
1. Which form of the exam do you have?
A. Form A
B. Form B
2. The HIV virus that causes AIDS specifically attacks and kills helper T cells. This weakens the
immune system because helper T cells:
A. directly destroy cells infected with HIV
B. roam the body looking for "invaders"
C. turn on (activates) the antibody mediated and the cell-mediated defense systems in the
body.
D. produce antibodies
E. turn off the immune response
3. Choose the INCORRECT statement.
A. The antibody-mediated immune response is directed at antigens that are outside of
cells, free in body fluids.
B. The cell-mediated immune response plays a role in the rejection of organ transplants
C. A macrophage presents the antigen to the appropriate helper T cell.
D. Antibodies are effective against viruses that have inserted their genetic material into
the host cell chromosome.
E. Suppressor T cells shut down the immune response after the “invader” (antigen) has
been eliminated from the body.
4. Which part of a virus comes from a previous host cell? The:
A. genetic information
B. the protein coat (capsid)
C. the envelope
D. none of the above
5. Indicate the choice that contains only CORRECT statements.
Statements:
1. Antibodies are specific to one particular antigen.
2. Antibodies are held within the cell that produces them.
3. Antibodies may inactivate (neutralize) a toxin produced by a bacterium.
4. Antibodies are produced by macrophages.
5. Antibodies can only be effective against antigens that are free in the bloodstream (not
within cells).
Choices:
A. 1, 2, 3
B. 2, 3, 4
C. 3, 4, 5
D. 1, 3, 5
E. 1, 3, 4
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6. The immune system helps protect us against cancer because _____________ attack and kill
cancerous cells that develop.
A. helper T cells
B. B cells
C. cytotoxic T cells
D. all of the above
7. How do viruses gain entry to a host cell?
A.
by binding to a receptor site on the host cell
B.
by binding to an antibody site on the host cells
C.
by dissolving a piece of the host cell membrane
D.
all of the above
8. Choose the INCORRECT STATEMENT about cervical cancer:
A. The human papilloma virus (HPV) is thought to be an important cause of cervical
cancer
B. A woman’s risk of getting cervical cancer generally increases with the number of
(male) sexual partners she has had.
C. A woman’s risk of getting cervical cancer is lowered if she and her partner(s)
consistently use a barrier means of contraception, such as a condom or diaphragm.
D. It can increase a woman’s risk of having an ectopic pregnancy.
E. It can be detected with a Pap test.
9. Your brother confides in you that he has painful, fluid-filled blister-like sores on his penis.
Which of the following is most likely to be the cause?
A. syphilis
B. gonorrhea
C. chlamydia
D. genital warts
E. genital herpes
10. Jennifer is a 28 year-old woman who is having difficulty getting pregnant. After many tests
it is determined that the reason for this problem is that she has scar tissue blocking her oviducts
(fallopian tubes). The STD that is most likely to have caused this is.
A. syphilis
B. gonorrhea
C. chlamydia
D. genital herpes
E. genital warts
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11.Which of the following directly activates both the cell-mediated immune response and the
antibody-mediated immune response?
A. memory B cells
B. helper T cells
C. plasma cells
D. cytotoxic T cells
E. suppressor T cells
12. An antigen is a:
A. cell that produces antibodies
B. receptor on the surface of a lymphocyte that recognizes invaders
C. memory cell that causes a quick response to an invader when it is encountered a
second time
D. a large molecule on the surface of an invader that triggers an immune response
E. none of the above
13. Your friend Joe has been dating Claudia and they have been sexually active for three months.
Joe had never been sexually active before he met Claudia. Joe confides in you that he has noticed
a wart forming on his penis. He has asked Claudia whether she has genital warts. She said, "No.
I’ve definitely never seen anything remotely resembling a wart on my body." He asks you where
they could have come from. You correctly respond.
A. You probably got warts from using the dirty urinal in the men’s room of the gas station
where you work.
B. The organism that causes warts is so common that you could have gotten it anywhere.
C. Claudia is obviously lying. She would have seen a wart.
D. In women warts often form within the vagina or on the cervix, and so Claudia may not
realize that she has genital warts.
E. none of the above
14. How does the virus make new genetic information and proteins?
A.
It combines with the host cell DNA.
B.
It never does reproduce; it only grows larger.
C.
It uses the host cell structures.
D.
Once inside the host cell it is able to reproduce sexually.
15. Your immune system does not usually attack cells belonging in your body because:
A. suppressor T cells prevent the attack
B. the antigens on your body cells block the attack
C. antibodies paralyze helper T cells
D. memory cells identify and protect body cells
E. your own body cells have molecules on their surfaces that identify them as belonging
in the body
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16. In which choice are all the STDs usually curable with an antibiotic?
A.
herpes, chlamydia, gonorrhea
B.
chlamydia, syphilis, genital warts
C.
chlamydia, herpes, syphilis
D.
genital warts, gonorrhea, syphilis
E.
chlamydia, gonorrhea, syphilis
17. Below you will find a series of steps in the triggering of the immune response. Indicate the
choice that places the steps in the CORRECT order.
Steps:
a. a virgin (cytotoxic) T cell is activated
b. a macrophage encounters an “invader” (something that is not recognized as belonging
in the body)
c. a helper T cell is activated
d. a suppressor T cell becomes active
e. a cytotoxic T cell destroys the invading cell
Choices:
A. a, b, c, d, e
B. b, c, a, e, d
C. d, b, a, c, e
D. b, a, c, d, e
E. c, a, c, e, d
18. Choose the INCORRECT statement:
A. If the bacteria that cause chlamydia are transferred to the eyes, it can cause blindness.
B. Gonorrhea, chlamydia, and syphilis can be cured with antibiotics.
C. Most women with chlamydia have no symptoms.
D. A man with gonorrhea must ejaculate in order to spread the infectious organism to a
partner.
E. HPV, which causes genital warts, can spread over the entire anal genital area.
19. Which of the following STDs is INCORRECTLY paired with a means of diagnosis that can
be used at some point in the progression of the disease?
A. syphilis — blood test
B. gonorrhea — blood test
C. chlamydia — urine test
D. chlamydia — smear of cells from infected area
E. herpes — blood test
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20. Your cousin Masoud needs a kidney transplant. The doctors explain that if the tissue type of
the donor kidney doesn’t match Masoud’s tissue type, that the ________________ of the
immune system would attack and kill the donor kidney, causing the organ to be rejected.
A. B cells
B. plasma cells
C. antibodies
D. effector cytotoxic T cells
E. helper T cells
21. Therefore, to reduce the possibility of organ rejection, the doctors test all of Masoud’s close
relatives to see whether they would be suitable donors. The doctors are looking for a relative:
A. whose tissues have similar “self” markers (MHC markers) to those on Masoud’s cells.
B. who lacks antibodies to Masoud’s tissues
C. who has suppressor T cells that will suppress the immune response against the donor
kidney
D. lacks macrophages
E. all of the above
22. Choose the INCORRECT statement:
A. Genital warts can take months to appear.
B. The same virus that causes cold sores can be transmitted to the genital area of another
person through oral sex.
C. Herpes can only be spread when there are symptoms..
23. Damage to nerve tissue such as the optic nerve and brain occur during which stage of
syphilis?
A.
first
B.
second
C.
third
D.
it never occurs in syphilis
24. Choose the INCORRECT statement.
A. A virus infects only a particular type of host cell. This specificity occurs because the
virus genetic material must be compatible with the host cell genetic material for the viral genetic
material to be inserted into the host cell chromosome.
B. Viruses can be shed without causing disease symptoms.
C. Many viruses can enter a latent stage during which they don’t cause disease
symptoms. During the latent stage the viral genetic material has been inserted into the host cell
chromosome.
D. Some viruses cause cancer.
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25. Choose the INCORRECT statement:
A. Chlamydia can lead to sterility in either sex.
B. HPVcan cause pelvic inflammatory disease.
C. Cold sores are caused by a herpes virus.
D. The bacterium that causes syphilis can cross the placenta and infect a fetus growing in
the uterus if the mother has syphilis
26. Which statement about genital warts is INCORRECT?
A. The warts grow faster in a woman who is using a contraceptive containing
progesterone.
B. You are not contagious until the warts appear
C. The warts may take weeks to months to appear
D. The warts are extremely contagious
E. The warts are caused by a virus
27.What is the purpose of the antigen that is displayed on the surface of a macrophage?
A. It indicates that the “invader” has been captured and the immune response can be shut
down.
B. It secretes antibodies.
C. It fits in a receptor on the “invader” and neutralizes it (prevents it from making you
sick).
D. It identifies the target that the immune response should be directed against.
E. It causes the target to burst.
28. When bacteria infect an animal, the number of bacteria in the body increases gradually. A
graph of the growth of a bacterial population is a smoothly increasing curve as shown in graph 1.
A viral infection shows a different pattern. For a while there is no evidence of infection, and then
there is a sudden increase in the number of viruses. The number stays constant for a time; then
there is another sudden increase. The curve of viral population growth looks like a series of
steps, as shown in graph b. Which of the following correctly explains the difference in the
patterns of growth of bacteria and viruses?
Bacteria
Virus
A. Viruses need to rest between division cycles, but bacteria do not need rest.
B. Bacteria divide continuously with each cell producing two new cells. Viruses replicate
within a cell and hundreds or thousands can be released at once.
C. The food supply to fuel division for bacteria is always available. The food supply for
viruses is only available during limited times, and these are the times when viruses replicate.
D. None of the above.
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29. When you move into the dorms, you learn that there is a girl on the floor who has a herpes
infection in her throat. Others on the floor are afraid that they might catch herpes from using the
toilet seat if she has used it before them. You correctly explain:
A. You might, but it would be oral herpes (a fever blister), like she has, and 80% of
Americans have that.
B. You might. You better watch to see if she was in there before you.
C. Even if you do get it, you’ll have obvious symptoms, and it is easily cured with an
antibiotic.
D. The only way that could happen is if she licked the toilet seat when she was shedding
viruses, placing viruses on the toilet seat. Of course, you would also have to sit on the seat
immediately afterward
30.The reason that you usually only get chickenpox once is that:
A. Antibodies remain forever and immediately neutralize the chickenpox virus if you
are ever exposed to it again.
B. Suppressor T cells form that immediately suppress the infection if you are ever
exposed to the virus again
C. Chickenpox antigens are only effective once.
D. Macrophages can no longer recognize the chickenpox virus as an invader.
E. Memory B cells and memory T cells formed that mount an immune response very
quickly if you are ever exposed to the virus again.
I SINCERELY HOPE THAT SOMETHING YOU LEARNED IN THIS CLASS WILL HELP
YOU TO LEAD A HAPPIER, HEALTHIER LIFE.
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