The role of phosphocreatine is to – transfer energy

15 Jun The role of phosphocreatine is to – transfer energy

Question
OBTHE Chapter 25

QUESTION 1

The role of phosphocreatine is to ….

transfer energy.

store energy.

provide a substrate for gluconeogenesis.

release energy.

store oxygen.

0.5 points

QUESTION 2

Gylcolytic metabolism is also known as….

beta-oxidation.

gluconeogenesis.

anaerobic metabolism.

glycogenesis.

aerobic metabolism.

0.5 points

QUESTION 3

The substance in muscle fiber cytoplasm that directly powers muscle contraction is….

glucose.

fatty acids.

phosphocreatine.

ATP.

0.5 points

QUESTION 4

The advantage of anaerobic metabolism is….

rapid ATP production.

greater use of fat stores.

fewer pesky by-products.

high yield of ATP.

greater endurance.

0.5 points

QUESTION 5

If oxygen is NOT available for aerobic ATP production, __________ builds up in muscles.

pyruvic acid

glucose

lactic acid

ATP

0.5 points

QUESTION 6

It takes approximately __________ of aerobic exercise to begin mobilizing fats from adipose tissue.

30 seconds

60 minutes

30 minutes

45 minutes

10 minutes

0.5 points

QUESTION 7

Fat stores are used for energy only after muscles have depleted their carbohydrate energy store.

True

False

0.5 points

QUESTION 8

The largest metabolic reserves for the average adult are stored as….

fatty acids.

proteins.

carbohydrates.

amino acids.

triglycerides.

0.5 points

QUESTION 9

The nutrients that yield the most energy per gram when metabolized are ….

fats.

vitamins.

nucleic acids.

proteins.

carbohydrates.

0.5 points

QUESTION 10

Hormone(s) that increase in concentration in the plasma during exercise include…

cortisol.

catecholamines.

insulin.

A and B

A, B, and C

0.5 points

QUESTION 11

Cortisol, the catecholamines, and growth hormone do all of the following, EXCEPT

promote the conversion of triglycerides to glycerol and fatty acids.

raise plasma glucose levels.

mobilize glycogen from the liver.

enhance deposition of fat in adipose tissue.

0.5 points

QUESTION 12

EPOC is…

exercising physiological oxygen consumption.

extra phosphorylated oxygenated creatine.

extraneouspreoxygen contribution.

excesspostexercise oxygen consumption.

excess physiological oxygen contribution.

0.5 points

QUESTION 13

In resistance exercise, such as strength training, muscles rely heavily on __________ energy production.

anaerobic

aerobic

0.5 points

QUESTION 14

With endurance training, muscle mitochondria increase in ….

size

number

A and B

none of the above

0.5 points

QUESTION 15

Exercise hyperventilation results from signals from ….

muscle and joint mechanoreceptors and proprioceptors.

the carotid body chemoreceptors.

activating pulmonary stretch receptors.

A and B

A, B, and C

0.5 points

QUESTION 16

During mild to moderate exercise, arterial pH, PO2, and PCO2 are

nearly half of normal.

nearly normal.

almost twice as high as normal.

0.5 points

QUESTION 17

The initial change in heart rate at the onset of exercise is due to

stretching of the cardiac muscle fibers in response to increased venous

the withdrawal of parasympathetic inhibition.

overfilling of the ventricles.

sympathetic stimulation.

0.5 points

QUESTION 18

Redistribution of blood flow during exercise results from ….

vasodilation.

vasoconstriction.

vasodilation in skeletal muscle and vasoconstriction in viscera.

vasoconstriction in skeletal muscle and vasodilation in viscera.

0.5 points

QUESTION 19

During exercise, sweating helps lose heat from the body through the process of ….

evaporation.

radiation.

convection.

concentration.

conduction.

0.5 points

QUESTION 20

When the concentration of sodium ion in the ECF increases,

aldosterone secretion increases.

ADH secretion decreases.

there is a decreased thirst.

osmoreceptors are stimulated.

there is an increase in the volume of urine produced.

0.5 points

QUESTION 21

During exercise, the most significant factor affecting the pH of body tissues is the production of ….

ketone bodies.

hydrochloric acid.

carbon dioxide.

lactic acid.

organic acids.

0.5 points

QUESTION 22

During increased exercise ….

vasoconstriction occurs at the active skeletal muscles.

venous return increases.

stroke volume decreases.

cardiac output decreases.

all of the above

0.5 points

QUESTION 23

Sweat glands contain

beta receptors.

alpha-1 receptors.

cholinergic receptors.

alpha-2 receptors.

all of the above

0.5 points

QUESTION 24

With acclimatization, the body begins to do a better job of conserving ….

heat.

salt.

water.

A and B

A, B, and C

0.5 points

QUESTION 25

Benefits of regular exercise include all of the following, EXCEPT

increased plasma levels of HDL (high-density lipoproteins).

increased levels of LDL (low-density lipoproteins).

lowered blood pressure.

decreased plasma levels of triglycerides.

decreased risk of heart attack.

0.5 points

QUESTION 26

During exercise, skeletal muscle ….

vasodilation increases peripheral resistance to blood flow.

vasoconstriction decreases peripheral resistance to blood flow.

vasodilation decreases peripheral resistance to blood flow.

vasoconstriction increases peripheral resistance to blood flow.

none of the above

0.5 points

QUESTION 27

With heat acclimatization,

sweating becomes more productive.

aldosterone increases.

sweating becomes more concentrated.

A and B

B and C

0.5 points

QUESTION 28

During the first 15 seconds of intense exercise, such as sprinting or power lifting, most of the energy is provided by ….

fat oxidation.

carbohydrate oxidation.

ATP in muscle fiber.

phosphocreatine.

C and D

0.5 points

QUESTION 29

Which of the following is involved in the pathway that causes a jump in ventilation rate at the beginning of exercise?

Proprioceptors in muscles send information to the motor cortex of the brain.

Output from the limbic system and cardiovascular control center triggers parasympathetic discharge.

Widespread vasoconstriction causes increase in blood pressure.

A and C

B and C

0.5 points

QUESTION 30

Match the response to the description.

percent fat metabolized for ATP production as exercise intensity increases

arterial PO2 during exercise compared to rest

peripheral vascular resistance during exercise

mean arterial pressure during exercise

relative depression of immune system with change from moderate to strenuous exercise

plasma glucose concentration 30 minutes after glucose ingestion in diabetics who exercise, compared to those who don’t

a.

increase

b.

decrease

c.

no change

0.5 points

QUESTION 31

The adaption of the body to repeated exercise in hot environments occurs through a process called __________.

0.5 points

QUESTION 32

What two effects does sympathetic stimulation have on the heart during exercise?

0.5 points

QUESTION 33

During exercise, skeletal muscle receives approximately __________% of blood flow. Where is this blood redistributed from?

0.5 points

QUESTION 34

The rise in body temperature triggers two thermoregulatory mechanisms: __________ and __________.

0.5 points

QUESTION 35

In addition to the number and type of muscle fibers in a muscle, peak athletic performance requires

a good blood supply and system of blood delivery.

good supplies of nutrients.

adequate numbers of muscle mitochondria.

a well-developed respiratory system.

all of the above

0.5 points

QUESTION 36

Dehydration causes…

increased thirst.

fluid to shift from the ECF to the ICF.

decreased secretion of ADH.

increased levels of aldosterone.

all of the above

0.5 points

QUESTION 37

How does exercise hyperventilation maintain nearly normal PO2 and PCO2?

2 points

QUESTION 38

The maximal rate of consumption of __________ is used as a measurement of a person’s ability to perform endurance exercise and is measured in what units? How is this molecule related to metabolism?

2 points

QUESTION 39

Why and how does intracellular K+ become depleted with exercise?

3 points

QUESTION 40

Discuss changes in the cardiovascular and pulmonary systems that result from conditioning for exercise.

3 points

QUESTION 41

Explain the advantages and disadvantages of glycolytic metabolism.

1 points

QUESTION 42

During exercise, blood flow to the active skeletal muscles is increased by autoregulation. Propose a mechanism based on the need for nutrients that would explain how the autoregulation might take place.

3 points

QUESTION 43

Athletes with chronic energy deficit (energy output > energy intake) tend to have high levels of cortisol. Do you expect their immune systems would be better than those who are sedentary? Explain.

3 points

QUESTION 44

Based on what you learned in the chapter on control of blood flow and pressure, what must happen to blood flow to meet the metabolic demands of exercising skeletal muscle?

How is this accomplished?

What is the predicted effect of this change on systemic blood pressure during exercise?

What are the changes in heart function during exercise, and what effects should those changes have on systemic blood pressure?

What actually happens to systemic blood pressure during

exercise?

Explain the apparent contradictions.

5 points

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