Transport Margaret Vorndam, M.S.Version 42-0037-00-1

26 Jun Transport Margaret Vorndam, M.S.Version 42-0037-00-1

Question
Cell Structure and Function:Cell Types and

Transport

Margaret Vorndam, M.S.Version 42-0037-00-01

LAB REPORTASSISTANT

Thisdocumentisnotmeanttobeasubstitute foraformallaboratoryreport.TheLabReport Assistantissimplyasummaryoftheexperiment’squestions,diagramsifneeded,anddatatables that shouldbeaddressedinaformallabreport. Theintentistofacilitatestudents’writing oflab reports by providing this informationin an editable filewhich can be sent to an instructor.

OBSERVATIONS

Data Table 1: Cell Structures

Prokaryote Cell Structure

Organism name:

EukaryoticCell Structure

Organism name:

Flagella Cell wall

Capsule or slime layer Nucleoid Plasma membrane Cytoplasm Ribosome Thylakoid Endospore

Pseudopodia Cell membrane

Nucleus Cytoplasm Contractilevacuole Food vacuole Endospore

Data Table 2: DiffusionRate Comparison

Medium

Beginning

Time, To

End Time, T

Length of Time in hours

= T1– To

Movement ofcolor

inmm

Rate of Diffusion Inmm/ hour

Semisolid

(Gelatin)

Liquid (Water)

1

Data Table 3: Diffusionthrough a DifferentiallyPermeable Membrane

At Beginning of Exercise

….. At End of Exercise …..

What are its

Contents?

What it its initial Color?

What is its final Color?

Benedict’s

Test Color

What are its final contents?

Dialysis Tubing

NA

Beaker Water

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Exercise1:Prokaryotesand Eukaryotes-Differences in Cell Structure and Function

RESULTS

1. What differencesare observed between the two cells that were drawn?

2. List the specificcell part that each cell type possesses to:

Prokaryote

Eukaryote

Escape from hazardous conditions?

Regulate water content?

Store food?

Reproduce?

QUESTIONS

A. With which cell type, prokaryote or eukaryote, are you most familiar?

B. Which cell type would be most successful in extreme environments? Why?

C. BecausetheProkaryotebacteriaaregenerally3µmorlessinlengththeymaynotexhibit specific structuresunderacompoundlightmicroscope.Whattypeofmicroscopewouldbea betterchoice for viewing bacteria?

D. Researchamoebasonlineandgiveafewexamplesincluding wheretheyarefoundandwhat energy source they use.

E. Discusswhethercyanobacteriaandamoebasarebeneficial ordetrimentaltohumansandto the environment in general.

Exercise 2: Eukaryotes – Plant and Animal Cell

Structure and Function

RESULTS

1. What differencesare observed between the two cells that were drawn?

2. List the cell part that each cell type possesses to:

Plant

Animal

Regulate water content?

Produce energy to power cell function?

Store food?

Reproduce?

QUESTIONS

A. With which cell type, plant or animal, are you most familiar?

B. Which cell type would be most successful in extreme environments? Why?

C. OutlinethegeneraldifferencesbetweenplantandanimalcellsinTable1.Thenoutline the similarities.

Table1: ComparisonofStructure andFunction: AnimalandPlantCells

Animal Cells

Plant Cells

Differences:

Similarities:

Exercise 3: Transport of Materials through Cell

Membranes – An Example of Passive Transport

QUESTIONS

A. Which medium exhibited the fastest rate of diffusion?

B. What might be reasons to explain the differencesin the rate of diffusion?

C. Graphthe two sets ofresultsfrom Table2 onthe same graphusinga computer spreadsheet programandinclude thisgraphinyourreport.Whyissimultaneous graphingoftheresultsuseful here?Whattypeofgraphwouldbestdemonstrateratesofdiffusion ingelatinversusliquid?Hint: The graph should show a continuityfrom Toto T1for both mediums.

DISCUSSION

A. Were your two hypotheses supported or refuted?

B. How might the rate of diffusionbe increased? Decreased?

C. How might this be tested?

D. Why is this exercise be an example of passive transport?

E. Whymustthespreadofthecoloringinthegelatinbemonitored?Forexample,whycan’tit just be leftfor 10 hours before the measurement is taken?

F. Whatwouldbeagraphicmethodtodetectwhentherateofdiffusioninthegelatinwasat maximum and was beginning to slow?

G. Constructatablethatcomparesyourresultstotheaverageofyourclassmates’results,if available. Indicate how many classmates’ results are represented in the average (N=?). Include it in your report. Are results similar? If not, what might explain the differences in outcomes?

Exercise 4: Transport of Materials through Cell

Membranes – An Example of ActiveTransport

QUESTIONS

A. What are the test substances?

B. Why did a color change occur in the jar water? What does the color change indicate?

C. Why did a color change occur in the dialysis bag? What does the color change indicate?

D. What does the Benedict’s reagent test detect? What does the test of the jar water indicate? E. What DID NOT diffuseacross the dialysis bag membrane? Why?

DISCUSSION

A. Was your hypothesis supported or refuted?

B. How might the dialysis membrane tubing be similar to a plasma membrane?

C. What type of transport mechanism does this exercise simulate?

D. What can be concluded from this exercise?

LABORATORYSUMMARY

What have you learned from doing this laboratory?