11 Jun Unit II Homework – Cancer and Genetics
Question
Unit II Homework
Cancer and Genetics
Introduction
In order for organisms to grow, repair, maintain, and reproduce, cells undergo cell division. Sometimes,
cells uncontrollably divide, resulting in cancer. In the first part of the Cancer and Cell Division Lab, you will
learn about normal cell division and will compare it to cell division that occurs in cancer cells. You will then
visit a website to find out more information about cancer. You will learn why it occurs, why it kills, and new
treatments that are being tested and used to treat cancer.
Objectives
1. Explain the process of cancer, the effects on the human body, the various types, and the risk
factors involved.
2. Explain various treatments for cancer.
3. Explain the various stages of mitosis.
Materials
No extra materials will be required to complete this lab other than internet service.
Directions Go to the following website: http://www.mhhe.com/biosci/genbio/virtual_labs/BL_23/BL_23.html
Follow the steps under the PROCEDURE section.
Type all answers directly on the data sheet.
Select Save As, and save this document using your last name and student ID as the file name.
Upload the data sheet as a .doc, .docx, or .rtf file when you are finished. While viewing the video, answer the following questions. Total: 8 points
1. In which stage of cell division is the DNA copied? (4 points) 2. During which stage of mitosis do the chromosomes line up in the middle? (4 points) After viewing the video, click on the Information tab in the bottom right corner. Answer the following
questions. Total: 12 points
1. In which of the cancer types listed, are males not at risk of developing? (4 points) 2. Cigarette smoke is a major risk factor for which type of cancer listed? (4 points) 1 3. The risk for which type of cancer increases after the age of 55? (4 points) Continue following the directions under the PROCEDURE section, and complete the following table. Total:
40 points
Interphase Prophase Metaphase Anaphase Telophase % of Cells
Dividing % of Cells
at rest Normal
Lungs
Cancerous
Lungs
Normal
Stomach
Cancerous
Stomach
Normal
Ovary
Cancerous
Ovary
Continue following the directions under the PROCEDURES section and answer the following questions.
Total: 12 points
1. Based on your data and observations, what are some of the differences between normal cells
and cancer cells? (4 points) 2. Which type of cancer shows the most aggressive growth? Explain your answer. (4 points) 3. When studying cell division in tissue samples, scientists often calculate a mitotic index, which is
the ratio of dividing cells to the total number of cells in the sample. Scientists often calculate the
mitotic index to compare the growth rates of different types of tissue. Which type of tissue would
have a higher mitotic index, normal tissue or cancerous tissue? Explain. (4 points) 2 Go to: http://www.cancer.org/
Click on Get Expert Information. Scroll down and click Cancer Basics. Read the sections Understanding
Cancer, Cancer in the United States and Finding Cancer Information. After reading each of the Cancer
Basics sections, go back to the Get Expert Information page and read about each major type of cancer:
breast cancer, colon and rectal cancer, lung cancer, prostate cancer and skin cancer. Answer the
questions below. Total: 28 points
1. How many people in the US get cancer each year? (4 points) 2. What causes cancer? (4 points) 3. Since there are many different types of cancer, how is cancer named? (4 points) 4. List two signs or symptoms of breast cancer. (4 points) 5. Can males develop breast cancer? (4 points) 6. What is the most common type of cancer? (4 points) 7. List two ways you could get involved and help fight against cancer. (4 points) 3
1) Assume that Tay-Sachs disease only affects homozygous recessive individuals. If two parents are carriers, what are the chances that their child would have the disease?
2) Assume the gene for freckles is dominant (F). A woman with freckles has a son that does not. What would have to be the genotype of the mother?
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