11 Jun Waubonsee BIO 100 – Which began first
Question
Chapter 8 Study Guide – Multiple
Choice
Question 1
Which began first?
1. a) Multicellular life in the ocean
b) Plants colonizing the land
c) Animals colonizing the land
d) Multicellular life in fresh water Question 2
What do scientists believe was the original genetic material able to copy itself without assistance?
1. a) Proteins
b) RNA
c) Enzymes
d) DNA Question 3
The main hypothesis about the origin of the first living organisms is called ________.
1. a) cytosynthesis
b) biogenesis
c) novel design
d) chemoevolution Question 4 Which organisms contain the smallest, least complex cell types?
b) a)
c)d)
e)f)
h)
g) a) Plant cells
b) Animal cells
c) Bacteria cells
d) Fungal cells Question 5
1. An organism is considered truly eukaryotic when ________.
2. a) its cells form colonies
b) its cells cannot survive on their own
c) each cell can carry out all of life’s functions
d) its cells specialize in various tasks Question 6
1. What are the steps toward multicellularity, in the correct order?
2. a) First a colony of protists forms, then some become gametes, and finally others specialize in various tasks.
b) Some protists start to specialize for specific tasks, then they form a colony with specialists, and finally some specialists become gametes.
c) Some cells become gametes, then a colony forms, and finally some cells start to specialize.
d) First a colony of protists forms, then some protists start to specialize in specific tasks, and finally some cells become gametes. Question 7
1. What are the main steps of biogenesis, in the correct order? a) Polymers, monomers, selfreplicating molecules, first cells
b) Selfreplicating molecules, monomers, polymers, first cells c) Monomers, polymers, selfreplicating molecules, first cells
d) Monomers, selfreplicating molecules, polymers, first cells Question 8
1. By what means do amoebas move?
2. a) Cilia
b) Pseudopodia
c) Flagella
d) Amoebas do not move; they are anchored to the substrate. Question 9
Based on the endosymbiosis theory that highlights where chloroplasts come from, how would you expect chloroplasts to divide when a plant cell divides?
1. a) Via endosymbiosis
b) Via meiosis
c) Via mitosis
d) Via binary fission Question 10
Which of the following infects only plants?
1. a) Virus
b) Prion
c) Viroid
d) Capsid Question 11
A degenerative brain disorder transmitted by cannibalism is called ________. 1. a) scrapie
b) herpes
c) Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease
d) kuru Question 12
Bacteria that have a spherical shape are called ________.
1. a) spirillum
b) bacillus
c) spheroid
d) coccus Question 13
Which of the following is a way in which bacteria help the environment?
1. a) They break down dead organisms in the soil and recycle nutrients.
b) They are used to water in sewage treatment facilities.
c) They remove pollutants from the environment.
d) All of the above are ways in which bacteria help the environment. Question 14
Where do you expect to find thermophiles?
1. a) In salty environments
b) In hot environments
c) In anoxic environments
d) In dry environments Question 15 How does azidothymidine (AZT) fight AIDS?
1. a) It blocks the enzyme that assembles all of the parts into new viruses.
b) It targets the virus for destruction.
c) It blocks the virus from entering the cell.
d) It blocks the enzyme that converts viral RNA to DNA. Question 16
Which of the following statements is true of bacteria on this planet?
1. a) There are about as many helpful as harmful bacteria.
b) There are more harmful than helpful bacteria.
c) There are more helpful than harmful bacteria.
d) Bacteria have neither a positive nor a negative impact on human society. Question 17
What are plasmids?
1. a) Small, circular DNA molecules that contain just a few genes and that can
be passed on to other bacteria
b) Small, circular DNA molecules that contain just a few genes but that cannot be passed on to other bacteria
c) Small, circular RNA molecules that contain many genes but that cannot be passed on to other bacteria
d) Small, circular RNA molecules that contain just a few genes and that can
be passed on to other bacteria Question 18
1. What might be the advantage to a cell if it assimilated a photosynthetic bacterium rather than digesting it?
2. a) It could now live in an oxygen-free environment. b) It could now utilize hydrogen sulfide as an energy source.
c) It could now use sunlight to make its food.
d) It could now use glucose as an energy source. Question 19
Approximately when did the earth’s crust solidify?
1. a) 8 billion years ago
b) 2 billion years ago
c) 4 billion years ago
d) 1 billion years ago Question 20
Which method of bacterial DNA transfer involves a physical connection between the
two bacterial cells?
1. a) Binary fission
b) Transduction
c) Transformation
d) Conjugation Question 21
Nitrogen-fixing bacteria convert atmospheric nitrogen (N2 gas) into ammonium (NH4). Why is this conversion important for life on Earth?
1. a) Nitrogen gas leads to global warming.
b) Ammonium is an important cleaning agent.
c) Nitrogen gas is toxic.
d) Ammonium is a very important plant nutrient. Question 22 HIV has an RNA genome that is converted to DNA when infecting a human immune cell. This type of virus is called a ________.
1. a) retrovirus
b) reverse transcriptase
c) prion
d) bacteriophage Question 23
Which is not a method bacteria use to generate new combinations of genes?
1. a) Binary fission
b) Conjugation
c) Transformation
d) Transduction Question 24
When did the first eukaryotic cell form?
1. a) 2.1 thousand years ago
b) 2.1 billion years ago
c) 2.1 million years ago
d) 3.7 billion years ago Question 25
Which of the following do not get infected by viruses?
1. a) Plants
b) Animals
c) Bacteria
d) All of these can be infected by viruses.
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