22 Jun Welfare” has gone through many changes over time
Welfare” has gone through many changes over time.
http://www.cato.org/publications/policy-analysis/war-poverty-turns-50-are-we-winning-yet
In 2014, the War on Poverty turned 50. Take a look at this report from the CATO Institute as well as the lesson and course reading and answer the following questions:
Have the programs worked to reduce poverty?
Where does the US stand in terms of poverty and welfare?
What federal social service programs need revision? Why?
Evaluate the welfare/social service issue utilizing our policy framework.
Be sure to bring in additional scholarly sources to balance your analysis.
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Poverty
Since the 1970s, the poverty rate in America has varied between 10-15% while the population of the US increased from 203 million in 1970 to 320 million in 2015. So, naturally, the number of people receiving welfare benefits continues to rise. That is not a bad thing, just normal growth with an increasing population.
There are generally six reasons for poverty: low productivity, low education, economic stagnation, discrimination, poverty culture, and poor family structure.
One of the most significant factors that contributes to poverty in America is the status of the economy. The national unemployment rate is directly related to poverty levels, and history has shown that as employment rates increase, poverty levels decrease. This occurs because more money is earned and distributed among citizens. As well, government programs gain additional funding through taxes. Additionally, recessions have a disproportionate impact on the poor due to a lack of wage raises that do not counter inflation. All of the recessions in the last thirty years have been accompanied by increased poverty rates.
Another noteworthy factor contributing to poverty is education. One staggering statistic that shows the importance of education is that 46 percent of Americans who were raised in poverty and did not obtain college degrees stayed in the lowest income brackets, while only 16 percent of those underprivileged Americans that did earn a college degree stayed in the lowest income brackets. The connection between education and poverty can be seen at all levels of education. Children whose parents are considered poor have a pre-school enrollment rate approximately 20 percent lower than middle class children, and studies have shown that children who complete pre-school are 31 percent less likely to repeat a grade and 32 percent less likely to drop out of school altogether. Unfortunately, low educations rates are also exacerbated by societal and demographic factors as well. Since most schools receive local and state funding, those schools located within poor communities receive less money for improvements and salaries than schools in a middle or upper class community. Furthermore, the more-qualified teachers will often be more inclined to teach at schools with higher salaries, safer working conditions, and in better neighborhoods, meaning that the less-qualified teachers will work in poorer school districts.
In a report by Heritage Foundations Robert Rector, he pointed out that the American poor really do have some nice things by American standards and a far cry above those in developing countries. His data shows that 43 percent of poor families own their own home, and 97 percent of them have a color TV, microwave oven, etc.
Welfare Programs
Now, we shift our focus over to the hundreds of welfare programs instituted to help the poorer Americans. It is important to note that they are all means-tested programs. That means that a potential recipient must meet an income test (i.e., lack-of-income test). In other words, eligibility is based on need rather than the contributions that have been made (as it is with social security).
Some key welfare programs include:
Food stamps (SNAP – Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program)
Tax credits (EITC – Earned Income Tax Credits)
Block grants (TANF – Temporary Assistance for Needy Families)
Job training
Housing benefits
Direct cash payments to the eligible poor
Many people have been convinced by constant media reporting that there is a lot of fraud, waste, and abuse in Americas welfare programs. However, that is not reality. Studies on this issue have consistently shown that the abuse is less than 3% of welfare recipients. It may cost more money to ferret them out than the money that would be saved.
As for as requirements to receive welfare benefits, these are determined by each state. In most cases, the requirements are fairly rigorous. For example, in the State of Colorado, for those receiving unemployment benefits they have to have to prove that you are able, available, and actively seeking work. You have to show that you are applying for jobs and are willing to accept work immediately after being offered a job. It also has workforce programs to help individuals in career counseling, Internet access, information on job listings, and many other things. It keeps track of how long someone has received benefits and will stop benefits if they do not follow the recommendations or after a set amount of time (now, normally 6 months).
The National Conference of State Legislatures says that in 2014, 12 states have pass
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