24 Jul WHAT AFFECT WILL IT HAVE AFTER THE NEXT ROUND OF REPLICATION?
1) Transcribe the correct mRNA from the gene shown above. Assume there is no te Show more gene reg/ mutataion 1) Transcribe the correct mRNA from the gene shown above. Assume there is no termination sequence. The TSS is indicated by the shaded box. 2) Translate the mRNA into the correct protein 3) The following mutations occurred within the corresponding boxes labeled above. Mutated bases are underlined. What type of mutation results in each case? What effect will the mutation have on the mRNA? What effect will it have on the protein? i. 5 TTGCCT 3 3 AACGGA 5 ii. 5 CTCTATT 3 3 GAGATAA 5 iii. 5 CTCAAGTC 3 3 GAGTTCAG 5 iv. 5 GACTGG 3 3 CTGACC 5 4) A mutation occurred in the box marked v. as indicated below with the mutated base underlined. While the protein you isolated from cells is the correct size and appears to function normally there is significantly less protein in mutant cells compared to the WT. What is the most likely effect of the mutation? v. 5 CGTGCG 3 3 GCACGC 5 5) The cytosine within box vi has been modified by methylation producing 5-methylcytosine. Subsequently 5-meC was deaminated. Assuming the cells repair system missed the error what effect will the mutation have on the encoded protein? What affect will it have after the next round of replication? 6) Gene X is regulated by a Ca++ responsive transcription factor. Under low levels of Ca++ the transcription factor is localized to the cytoplasm and is inactive. Under high Ca++ concentrations the transcription factor translocates to the nucleus and activates gene X through its C-terminal TAD. A frameshift mutation occurs in mutant cells that eliminates the C-terminal TAD without affecting the DBD or Ca++ responsive ligand binding domains. Below is the measured activity of gene X for both WT and Mut cells under high and low Ca++ concentrations. Why is gene X activity lower under high Ca++ than it is under low concentrations in Mut cells? 7) A protein is involved in DNA damage response that activates genes whose products are involved in initiating the process of apoptosis. In the absence of DNA damage the protein is degraded. In the presence of DNA damage the protein is stable and accumulates until the damage is repaired. The protein also binds to foci of DNA damage where it is critical for the recruitment of enzymes utilized in DNA repair. A particular mutation in the gene encoding the protein prevents it from functioning in DNA repair but still permits its function in initiating apoptosis. Do you think cells with such a mutation will likely go on to become cancer? Explain. 8) A population has been exposed to a toxic mutagen resulting from pollution of their drinking water. The mutagen promotes high levels of mutagenic insult in the livers of the population resulting in numerous accumulated mutations of DNA damage response related genes and cell cycle control regulators. Consequently the population develops high incidence of hepatic cancer. What is the likelihood that the subsequent generations inherit the heightened susceptibility to hepatic cancers from their parents? Show less
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