10 May WHAT ARE THE ADVANTAGES OF USING A LINK-STATE ROUTING PROTOCOL WHEN COMPARED TO A DISTANCE-VECTOR PROTOCOL?
HW 3
Read chapters 9 through 12 of your text and the reading assignment on DWDM.
Not all problems below are assigned. Visit the course management website to check on the assigned problems (which vary each semester). Add your answers following the assigned problems.
CH 9 ***
1. Under what circumstances might IP fail to deliver a datagram?
To allow _______________ in an internet to report errors or provide information about unexpected circumstances, the designers added a special purpose mechanism known as _____________________________. This mechanism is a _______________________ part of IP. The _________________________________ provides communication between the ____________________________ software on one machine and the _________________________ on another machine.
Where are ICMP error messages reported to?
How many levels of encapsulation are used to send an ICMP message across a network?
The first three fields of an ICMP message are identical for all ICMP messages. What are those fields and how are they used?
Sketch an ICMP Echo Request header, label the fields and indicate their size.
What should the receiver of an echo request do with the data in the data field of the echo request?
What would be indicated by an ICMP reply regarding an IPv4 packet that failed to reach its destination if the ICMP message had TYPE 3 and CODE 4 in the header?
Why would an ICMP redirect message be sent from a router to a host?
What ICMP message is sent back to the original sender of a datagram to indicate that the datagram’s TTL field had been decremented to zero before the datagram could be delivered?
CH 10 ***
Sketch a UDP header and label the fields. Below this, indicate the purpose and use of each field.
What is a UDP pseudo-header for IPv4 and how is it used?
What are some “well-known port numbers” for UDP?
Why is UDP considered a “thin protocol”?
CH 11 ***
Why does a sliding window protocol provide better throughput than a simple positive acknowledgment protocol?
Sketch a TCP header, label the fields and indicate the number of bits for the various fields.
What purpose does the SEQUENCE NUMBER field serve?
Explain the purpose of the FIN and RST bits when they are set to 1.
What purpose does the URG bit and the URGENT POINTER field serve and how do these work together?
Sketch a TCP pseudo header and explain how this header is used.
What TCP technique is used to recover once congestion ends?
How would tail-drop be carried out as a method of flow control?
How is a TCP connection closed?
What is a finite state machine and what is the difference between a Passive Open and an Active Open?
What are some examples of TCP’s “well-known port numbers”?
What is silly window syndrome and how is it avoided (in general)?
CH12 ***
Except for destinations on directly attached ______________, hosts pass all IP traffic to ___________ which forward ____________ on toward their final destinations. A __________ travels from router to router until it reaches a ____________ that attaches directly to the same __________ as the final destination.
Consider figure 12.2 in your text. A ring based backbone connects to the routers of three customers (R1, R2 and R3). Routing in this circumstance is described as consistent but inefficient. Why is it consistent? Why is it inefficient?
An incoming routing update, shown fig. 12.5 (b), will cause changes to some entries in the initial routing table shown in fig. 12.5 (a). Write out the routing table after the updates are completed.
List some disadvantages of distance-vector routing algorithms.
What concerns arise for routers that use UDP segments in IP datagrams to exchange routing updates?
What are the advantages of using a link-state routing protocol when compared to a distance-vector protocol?
Why don’t distance-vector routing protocols scale well?
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