23 Jul WHAT ARE THE WEAKNESSES OF THE RESEARCH DESIGN MENTIONED ABOVE?
my prof. gave me this article and asked me some quistions. i answered some of them but im not sure i Show more my prof. gave me this article and asked me some quistions. i answered some of them but im not sure if my answers are correct. please help review and edit my answers and add more info and slove the unsolved quistions. Vitamin E consumption and the risk of coronary heart disease in men. Rimm EB Stampfer MJ Ascherio A Giovannucci E Colditz GA Willett WC. N Engl J Med. 1993 May 20;328(20):1450-6. Free Article link to the artcle: http://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJM199305203282004 Q1-Describe the study research design. (2 sentences) It is a prospective cohort study of healthy males aged 40 to 75 years. They excluded anyone who has CHD or related diseases. Q2-What are the strengths of the research design mentioned above? The strength of cohort study is that it is a longitudinal study which has a high rate of follow up and that leads to reduce bias. Q3-What are the weaknesses of the research design mentioned above? The weakness of cohort study is long duration study that costs a lot of money. Also because of it is observational study; cause and effect cannot be measured. Q4-Which method of dietary assessment was used in this study? They used 1986 food frequency questionnaire to asses the average dietary intake of vitamin c E and carotene. Q5-Describe the method. The average frequency of intake of 131 foods was examined by using1986 food frequency questionnaire over the past previous year. They asked them about the type of supplement duration of intake and dosage. Since they had lack of information related to the form of vitamin E supplements the participant had been asked to identify the brand of multivitamins that being used as well as cooking oils and cold cereals. Nutrient intakes and scores were calculated for both dietary and supplementary intake except in the case of carotene: they only calculated the total intake on the basis of vitamin A values in fruits and vegetables and dairy product. The validity of FFQ was been assessed in a randomly sample of 127 men who lived in Boston. In addition the nutrient intake on the questionnaire was compared in two one-week diet records in about six moths separated. After adjusted the pearson correlation coefficient between diet records and the dietary questionnaire they found that carotene correlation coefficients were .64 -92 for total vitamin C and .92 for total vitamin E whereas the coefficients ere lower in men who were not taking supplements. They were .77 for vitamin C and .42 for vitamin E. Q6-What are the strengths and weaknesses of this method for assessing dietary intake? -The strengths: -The weaknesses: Q7-Was supplement use considered in assessing vitamin E intake? Yes. Q8-Which outcome was examined in this study? (1sentence) Vitamin E intake and supplement vitamin C intake and supplement Q9-Explain what the relative risk means (in your own words) (1 sentence) Relative risk means the risk Q10-Write one sentence about the relative risk associated with levels of vitamin E intake. Q11-Which range of vitamin E intake was linked to lower risk of heart diseases in this study? Q12-Which confounders were controlled? Vitamin E supplement?? Show less
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