26 Jun What I have found so far, need more specifics
Question
Answer the following question in two to four paragraphs:
What antiviral drugs licensed in the U.S. are used for prophylaxis or treatment of 2009-H1N1 influenzaand seasonal flu and what is their mechanism of action?
What I have found so far, need more specifics about each drug and the method of action to create into paragraphs. Please give a lot more info on the method of action of each drug if possible.
Current licensed drugs for the treatment of Type A and Type B influenza viruses.
A. Symmetrel (Amantadine) – not recommended due to high levels of resistance in type A
B. Flumadine (Rimantadine) – not recommended due to high levels of resistance in type A
C. Tamiflu (Oseltamivir) – more commonly used right now for the 2012- 2013 season – almost no strain resistance
D. Relenza (Zanamivir) – more commonly used right now for the 2012- 2013 season – almost no strain resistance
E. (Need Current licensed drugs for the treatment of Type C influenza if it exist)
The antiviral drug method of action.
A. Amantadine and Rimantadine prevents the virus from “uncoating” which inhibits its ability to replicate
B. Oseltamivir and Zanamivir are neuraminidase inhibitors
Sources given to use. However additional or different sources are also fine to use:
CDC (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention), Seasonal Flu, Treatment (Antiviral Drugs) athttp://www.cdc.gov/flu/antivirals/index.htm . This Webpage includes links for general information about influenza antiviral drugs and information for health care professionals.
CDC (11 November 2012) Antiviral Drug-Resistance among Influenza Viruses: Guidance on the Use of Influenza Antiviral Agent. Retrieved 27 April 2013 fromhttp://www.cdc.gov/flu/professionals/antivirals/antiviral-drug-resistance.htm. The information provided is noted as current for the 2012-2013 flu season.
CDC (23 July 2012) Influenza Antiviral Drug Resistance: Influenza Antiviral Drug Resistance: Questions & Answers. Retrieved 27 April 2013 fromhttp://www.cdc.gov/flu/about/qa/antiviralresistance.htm. This site explains what antiviral resistance and, in general terms, how it arises. It also includes a summary of resistance observed in the 2011-2012 flu season.
FDA (U.S. Food and Drug Administration), Influenza (Flu) Antiviral Drugs and Related Information (Last Updated: 01/24/2012). Retrieved 27 April 2013 fromhttp://www.fda.gov/drugs/drugsafety/informationbydrugclass/ucm100228.htmThis site provides some general information about the use of anti-influenza antiviral drugs and lists those that currently FDA approved.
Hayden, F.G. and de Jong, M.D. (2011) Editorial: Emerging Influenza Antiviral Resistance Threats. J. Infect. Dis.203(1): 6-10. doi: 10.1093/infdis/jiq012 Retrieved 27 April 2013 fromhttp://jid.oxfordjournals.org/content/203/1/6.long. This editorial summarizes some of the mechanisms by which antiviral resistance emerges; it is very technical and you aren’t expected to understand that part of the discussion. The last two paragraphs provide a more general discussion of some alternative strategies to develop new antiviral regimens for influenza.
Report to the President on U.S. Preparations for 2009-H1N1 Influenza (August 7, 2009), Executive Office of the President, President’s Council of Advisors on Science and Technology, pp. 61-62. Retrieved 26 April 2013
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