What is the %mass of the bicarbonate in this solution

25 Jun What is the %mass of the bicarbonate in this solution

Question
Question 1
The symptomatic phase of HIV infection refers to:
a. The period before clinical manifestations of HIV occur
b. The period during which clinical manifestations of HIV are present
c. Contact with bodily fluid containing HIV
d. The appearance of detectable antibodies in the blood
4 points

Question 2
During the last phase of HIV infection, which of the following occurs?

a.
HIV replicates uncontrollably at very high rates

b.
Antibodies to HIV develop

c.
CD4 counts drop rapidly

d.
Opportunistic infections occur frequently

e.
None of the above

f.
All of the above

g.
A, C and D only

h.
C and D only

4 points

Question 3
The first viral enzyme to function during the HIV life cycle is:
Protease
Reverse transcriptase
RNA polymerase
Integrase
4 points

Question 4
The HIV-1 subtype most commonly found in Europe/US is:
CRF02_AG
B
A
C
4 points

Question 5
Phagocytes and granulocytes are not specific for the type of cells that they attack.
True

False

2 points

Question 6
The first cases of HIV documented outside the U.S. occurred in:
1959
1979
1981
1990
4 points

Question 7
The virus that causes AIDS was first referred to as:
a. HTLV-III
b. HIV
c. LAV
d. GRID
4 points

Question 8
By the end of 2011, the estimated number of people living with HIV/AIDS worldwide was approximately:
a. 5 million
b. 20 million
c. 34 million
d. 65 million
4 points

Question 9
Which describes the flow of genetic information in retroviruses?
a. DNA to RNA to protein
b. RNA to DNA to protein
c. DNA to RNA to DNA to protein
d. RNA to DNA to RNA to protein
4 points

Question 10
Match the steps of the HIV life cycle with their descriptions:

Binding
Entry & uncoating
Reverse transcription
Integration
Transcription
Translation
Assembly & packaging
Budding
a. gp120/41 interact with CD4 and a chemokine co-receptor
b. Viral components mesh wtih inner surface of host cell membrane
c. Viral RNA is converted to double-stranded DNA
d. Virion pinches off and matures
e. Proviral DNA is converted to mRNA
f. mRNA is read into tRNA and then protein
g. Virus fuses with the cell and the core is internalized and partially dissolved
h. Viral DNA becomes proviral DNA

8 points

Question 11
The 2 major cells of the immune system are:
a. B cells and T cells
b. Plasma and platelets
c. Innate and adaptive
d. Lymph and blood
4 points

Question 12
All of the following are mechanisms by which HIV depletes CD4 T cells except:
a. Membrane puncturing
b. Direct killing by virus following binding to cellular receptor
c. Syncytium formation
d. Including CTL lysis
4 points

Question 13
The best prognostic indicator of HIV progression is viral load.
True

False

2 points

Question 14
Put the following modes in order from lowest to highest risk of transmitting HIV:

Accidental stick with infected needle

Transfusion of unscreened blood

Perinatal transmission

Receptive anal intercourse

Transfusion of screened blood

Household exposure

Injection drug use

Vaginal sexual intercourse

8 points

Question 15
An HIV-infected person is only at risk for transmitting virus when their viral load is high.
True

False

2 points

Question 16
On average, a healthy human adult (in an industrialized country) has 1,000 times more RBCs than WBCs.
True

False

2 points

Question 17
MHC I is recognized by helper T cells while MHC II is recognized by CTLs.
True

False

2 points

Question 18
All of the following have been shown to increase risk of acquiring HIV-1 except (there can be more than 1 answer):
a. Frequent use of public restrooms
b. Having multiple partners
c. Infection with HIV-2
d. Drug use
e. Circumcision
f. Proper condom use
g. Age mixing in sexual networks
h. Infection with GBV type C
i. Poverty
j. Higher viral loads
10 points

Question 19
All of the following are reasons why HIV infection rates have dropped in various regions of the world except:
a. Mothers choosing to feed their infants formula rather than breast milk
b. Educational campaigns by sex workers, IDUs, and youth
c. Introduction of ARVs
d. Message fatigue
4 points

Question 20
How many proteins does the HIV-1 genome encode?
a. 7
b. 9
c. 10
d. 15
4 points

Question 21
The CD4 molecule plays an important role in the disease pathogenesis of AIDS by:
a. Forming molecular dimers to cause syncytia and cell fusion
b. Allowing infection of lung cells in the development of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP)
c. Serving as a receptor for HIV
d. Serving as a recognition site for cytotoxic T cells
4 points

Question 22
The Tuskegee Syphilis Experiment was conducted to study the natural history of:
a. Untreated syphilis in urban populations
b. Untreated syphilis in rural populations
c. Treated syphilis in urban populations
d. Treated syphilis in rural populations
4 points

Question 23
What is the source of the enzymes that helps replicate viral RNA in the host cell nucleus?
a. The viral particle
b. The host cell
c. Both of the above
d. Neither of the above
4 points

Question 24
Which HIV gene encodes for enzymes that reverse transcribes the viruses genetic material?
a. Env
b. Pol
c. Gag
d. Nef