When a parent wants a young child to look at something

27 Jun When a parent wants a young child to look at something

Question
Question 1 (2.5 points)
When a parent wants a young child to look at something on the floor, the phenomenon called joint visual attention says that the parent should __________.

Question 1 options:

point to the object

look at that object

set the baby down in front of the object

lift the baby up so that he or she is looking down at the object

Question 2 (2.5 points)
“Raindrops keep falling on my head. And just like the guy whose feet are too big for his bed, nothing seems to fit!” These lyrics to a popular song describe a very uncomfortable sleeping arrangement! There are several ways this problem can be solved. If the singer chooses to cut off his feet so that he fits in the existing bed, this would be similar to the Piagetian concept of __________.

Question 2 options:

accommodation

adaptation

assimilation

schema transformation

Question 3 (2.5 points)
Kayla was talking to her twelve-month-old daughter, and was talking in a very high-pitched, exaggerated voice. Experts refer to this sort of communication as __________.

Question 3 options:

babbling

infant-oriented speech

motherese

cooing

Question 4 (2.5 points)
As Emily, a sixty-eight-year-old widow, went about her day, she was certain that there was something that she’d forgotten to do. Somewhere around 8:30 at night, she realized that she’d forgotten to go to the bank to buy traveler’s checks for her upcoming trip to Hawaii. This memory failure, which in this case was related to her __________ memory, is something that often declines in the later years.

Question 4 options:

proactive

executive

episodic

prospective

Question 5 (2.5 points)
Why is it easier for men to make the psychological adjustment to the physical changes of andropause than it is for women to adjust to the physical changes of menopause?

Question 5 options:

Because research suggests that being male makes a person more psychologically resilient to changes in all areas of life.

Because the loss of estrogen makes women far more emotional than men, who are simply seeing a reduction in testosterone.

Because it is far easier to hide the symptoms of andropause than it is to hide the symptoms of menopause.

Because the changes associated with andropause are more subtle and appear over a longer period of time.

Question 6 (2.5 points)
The development of the __________ lobes of the cerebrum allows an adolescent to start developing the ability to reason.

Question 6 options:

temporal

occipital

parietal

frontal

Question 7 (2.5 points)
Most experts agree that there is a combination of factors – both biological and social – that contribute to a child’s ability to acquire language skills. The language-acquisition __________ is the social environment into which a baby is born, and if that environment stresses and encourages language skills, the child has a better chance of mastering those skills.

Question 7 options:

environment

support system

milieu

context

Question 8 (2.5 points)
By the time a child reaches the age of around eighteen months, he or she will start rapidly learning new words and associating them with their meanings. In fact, children at this age may learn up to __________ new nouns every day!

Question 8 options:

ten

twenty-five

forty-five

sixty

Question 9 (2.5 points)
According to theory, which is supported by research, if children are deprived of the opportunity to learn language in the years before __________, it will be very difficult if not impossible for them to ever master the rules of grammar.

Question 9 options:

entering school

adolescence

toddlerhood

puberty

Question 10 (2.5 points)
The fact that teenagers often feel like adults far earlier than they develop the ability to make sensible, well-thought-out decisions reflects the fact that the __________ often matures more quickly than the __________ lobe.

Question 10 options:

amygdala; parietal

hypothalamus; occipital

thalamus; temporal

limbic system; frontal

Question 11 (2.5 points)
Which of the following statements is the best summary of the cognitive development theory of Lev Vygotsky?

Question 11 options:

Cognitive development occurs on a social level before it occurs at the individual level.

Children are in need of strict boundaries from their parents so they can learn what to and what not to do.

Cognitive development occurs when children are left to their own devices, with as little influence as possible from outside factors.

Children are little scientists who learn by exploring.

Question 12 (2.5 points)
Which of the following is one of the stages of prenatal development?

Question 12 options:

zygotic stage

germinal stage

intra-utero stage

umbilical stage

Question 13 (2.5 points)
Which theorist suggested that we are born with a neurological mechanism that leaves us biologically prepared to use language skills?

Question 13 options:

Lev Vygotsky

Jean Piaget

Jean-Baptiste de Lamarck

Noam Chomsky

Question 14 (2.5 points)
Though the recent research has its problems, it has suggested which of the following trends about intelligence changes as we age?

Question 14 options:

Intelligence is generally very stable, and may even increase into later adulthood.

Intelligence is a very static phenomenon – there are no significant changes that occur over the course of the lifespan.

Intelligence is an inverted U-shaped curve – it starts low, increases through childhood into adulthood, and then shows a significant decline as we get over the age of seventy years.

Intelligence is a linear phenomenon – it slowly increases as we age from childhood to adulthood, getting higher the older we get.

Question 15 (2.5 points)
Why does exercise help to reduce memory loss and brain decline in older adults?

Question 15 options:

Because exercise reduces our need to use medications, many of which cause damage to brain cells over time.

Because exercise stimulates neurons and actually helps the brain to grow new cells.

Because exercise helps increase the flow of oxygen and nutrients to the brain.

Because exercise helps to remove toxins from our system that are stored in fat cells.

Question 16 (2.5 points)
Despite popular believe that “most” people experience a crisis when they come to their middle adulthood years, recent research has found that only __________% of adults reported experiencing a midlife crisis.

Question 16 options:

2

5

7

10

Question 17 (2.5 points)
Which theorist led the case for the influence of social interactions on cognitive development?

Question 17 options:

Urie Bronfrenbrenner

Lev Vygotsky

Sigmund Freud

Jean Piaget

Question 18 (2.5 points)
When young Ari was born, his father was absolutely amazed by the fact that his head was proportionally so much larger than the rest of his body. In talking with his wife, a developmental psychologist, about his reaction, she laughed and said, “Oh that’s so normal! Children tend to grow from top to bottom, in a pattern called the __________ rule.”

Question 18 options:

proximodistal

cephalocaudal

north-to-south

motor-sequencing

Question 19 (2.5 points)
Which of the following is a commonly discussed criticism of Piaget’s theory of cognitive development in children?

Question 19 options:

Piaget felt that development was more fluid and continuous than modern researchers believe.

Piaget underestimated the cognitive ability of children.

The foundations of formal operational thinking appear later than Piaget theorized.

Piaget did allow for the fact that teratogens during pregnancy could impair cognitive development.

Question 20 (2.5 points)
Xavier is doing a research study investigating the moral decision making of people at various ages. He wants to know if adolescents see right and wrong differently than senior citizens, so he gives his research subjects a moral dilemma and asks them to discuss the various moral issues involved. In developmental psychology, Xavier’s research is exploring age __________.

Question 20 options:

changes

development

concepts

differences

Question 21 (2.5 points)
Dr. Ja is giving a presentation at a professional research conference, and the next day is discussing her presentation with her Psy 101 students. Dr. Ja uses one type of language – full of professional jargon and impressive-sounding words – during her conference presentation, but she removes this sort of advanced language when talking to her undergraduates. This is an example of __________.

Question 21 options:

audience design

the language acquisition device

style-shifting

the cooperative principle

Question 22 (2.5 points)
The ability to process information and act accordingly is called __________ intelligence, while the mental ability derived from previous experience is called __________ intelligence.

Question 22 options:

practical; analytical

crystallized; fluid

analytical; practical

fluid; crystallized

Question 23 (2.5 points)
Regarding the relative influences on intelligence, which combatant in the nature-versus-nurture debate is ultimately the winner?

Question 23 options:

There is no debate, because there is no way to test which influence is more crucial to intelligence.

The winner is nature.

The winner is nurture.

It is a draw.

Question 24 (2.5 points)
Randi loves to cook, but unfortunately she finds herself almost incapable of creating meals by just “throwing together” different ingredients. She requires a recipe to make her dishes, and she follows those recipes precisely as written. According to Robert Sternberg, which type of intelligence does Randi fail to demonstrate in her cooking skills?

Question 24 options:

analytical

creative

practical

social

Question 25 (2.5 points)
__________ is a rare disorder that occasionally accompanies autism in which a person of below-average intelligence has an extraordinary ability.

Question 25 options:

Impulsive ability syndrome

Savant syndrome

Prodigy disorder

Schizoaffective disorder

Question 26 (2.5 points)
When you are studying for an exam, you will have a better chance of understanding, encoding, and later retrieving a concept if you use __________.

Question 26 options:

verbal cognition

visual and verbal cognition

visual cognition

vestibular cognition

Question 27 (2.5 points)
The __________ state refers to a problem-solving condition in which a person has incomplete or unsatisfactory information.

Question 27 options:

initial

boggled

inadequate

misinformed

Question 28 (2.5 points)
All politicians are dirty, crooked, and dishonest, right? How many examples of dirty politicians can you come up with? The fact that you might be able to immediately think of a few examples of dirty politicians may lead you to believe that all politicians are, in fact, dishonest. This is an example of the __________ heuristic.

Question 28 options:

conjunction

confirmation

availability

representative

Question 29 (2.5 points)
The linguistic __________ hypothesis of Benjamin Whorf and Edward Sapir suggests that the language a person speaks influences his or her conception of reality.

Question 29 options:

relativity

expression

reception

schema

Question 30 (2.5 points)
During a lecture on the dangers of stereotypes, Dr. Humphrey stated to her class, “As an example of a commonly held stereotype, some people believe that African-American individuals are less intelligent than Caucasian individuals.” A student in her class who was not paying attention only heard her say, “African-American individuals are less intelligent than Caucasian individuals.” Clearly there will be a problem based on this miscommunication, but the real issue is that the __________ of the issue that was provided by the teacher was different than that which was received by the student.

Question 30 options:

communication

schema

point of view

framing

Question 31 (2.5 points)
Research finds that strong central __________ functioning, the set of mental processes that governs goals, strategies, and coordination of the mind’s activities, is related to higher intelligence.

Question 31 options:

executive

cognitive

psychic

unconscious

Question 32 (2.5 points)
The term book knowledge most resembles __________ intelligence from the theory of Robert Sternberg.

Question 32 options:

analytic

emotional

practical

academic

Question 33 (2.5 points)
The __________ fallacy is a phenomenon that causes people to believe that additional information increases the probability that a statement is true, even though that probability actually decreased.

Question 33 options:

hindsight

irrationality

conjunction

discursion

Question 34 (2.5 points)
Ellen and Mike are trying to decide where to go for an anniversary dinner. Mike says to Ellen, “Okay, you can have anything you want. We can do Chinese, Italian, Thai, Mexican, or Spanish food. If you want sushi, that is fine, or we can go to an upscale steakhouse! I’m even fine if you want to go get a few fast-food burgers and then go for ice cream. So what will it be?” According to the concept of decision aversion, what is Ellen likely to choose?

Question 34 options:

Ellen is likely to get angry at Mike for not choosing dinner.

Ellen is likely to make no choice at all.

Ellen will choose the most expensive meal, since Mike gave her the option of choosing anything she wants.

Ellen will consider which meal she likes the best and choose a restaurant that will serve that meal.

Question 35 (2.5 points)
Which of the following is one of the eight multiple intelligences proposed by Howard Gardner?

Question 35 options:

crystallized

general

creative

naturalistic

Question 36 (2.5 points)
Have you ever been distracted while you were speaking and accidentally switched the sounds of two words? For example, a person might mean to say, “I’m going to get a turkey sandwich” and instead say, “I’m going to get a surkey tandwich.” This type of expressive inversion is called a __________.

Question 36 options:

phonemic reversal

syntactic switch

spoonerism

morphism

Question 37 (2.5 points)
Research has demonstrated all but which of the following with regard to people who speak more than one language?

Question 37 options:

People who are bilingual from an early age show an increase in the density of the gray matter in the lower-left parietal area of the brain, suggesting that learning multiple languages actually promotes cognitive growth.

Adults who learn a second language later in life actually use different cognitive strategies than children who learn the second language, and thus their brains process the second language differently than people who learn a second language early in life.

Being bilingual is not a skill that is unique to human beings since animals who are able to learn to use sign language can learn multiple forms of sign language.

Asian immigrants who come to the United States of America as young children understand American English as proficiently as native speakers.

Question 38 (2.5 points)
Linguistic __________ states that different languages impose different conceptions of reality. A prime example of this is the fact that the ancient Mayan culture had no word that meant “zero,” and thus their reality did not include a concept of the “absence of value.”

Question 38 options:

morphism

determinism

relativism

phonemics

Question 39 (2.5 points)
Chiang walks out of the dry cleaners holding his freshly laundered shirts on new hangers. He walks over to his car, only to find that he has locked the keys inside. Because he is suffering from __________, he calls a tow truck and waits for forty-five minutes, causing him to miss an important meeting at work instead of using one of the hangers to maneuver his way into unlocking the car door.

Question 39 options:

algorithmic limitations

the mental set

heuristic blockage

functional fixedness

Question 40 (2.5 points)
Which of the following is one of the aspects of intelligence according to the theory of psychologist Robert Sternberg?

Question 40 options:

interpersonal intelligence

crystallized intelligence

intrapersonal intelligence

creative intelligence