Why does the presence of invasive species generally

10 Jun Why does the presence of invasive species generally

Question
Question 9(Multiple Choice Worth 3 points)
(06.01 MC)

Why does the presence of invasive species generally result in a decrease in biodiversity of native species in an area?

Invasive species are invasive because they release toxic compounds into the environment, killing native species.

Invasive species lack natural predators and quickly outcompete natives for food and shelter.

Invasive species naturally thrive in low biodiversity habitats because even their native habitat is low biodiversity.

The only way to get rid of invasive species is to use pesticides, which kills both invasive and native species.

Question 10(Multiple Choice Worth 3 points)
(04.03 MC)

Mercury is an element that is toxic to humans in high doses. How can humans reduce their risk of ingesting this element in harmful amounts?

Humans could avoid eating animals at high trophic levels, as their bodies contain more mercury than those at lower trophic levels.

Humans could avoid eating herbivores, such as plant-eating fish, as their bodies contain relatively high amounts of mercury compared with other animals.

Humans could avoid eating animals at all trophic levels, which all have equal risk of containing mercury, while consuming only plants.

Humans could avoid eating plants, as these contain especially high levels of mercury.

Question 11(Multiple Choice Worth 3 points)
(05.03 MC)

Why is the relationship between clownfish and sea anemones considered mutualism?

The clownfish benefits whereas the anemone is not affected.

The clownfish gets protection and the anemone gets leftover food.

The clownfish is hurt while fighting the sea anemone for resources.

The clownfish slowly eats parts of the sea anemone.

Question 12(Multiple Choice Worth 3 points)
(05.03 LC)

Whale lice feed off the skin of great whales and other large mammals, often causing scarring to the skin. What type of interaction is this?

Competition

Mutualism

Parasitism

Predation

Question 13(Multiple Choice Worth 3 points)
(05.03 MC)

What is a universal way that predation benefits the predator?

Predation increases mate availability.

Predation helps in defense of space.

The predator gets the energy it needs to survive.

The predator keeps parasites from hurting the species.

Question 14(Multiple Choice Worth 3 points)
(04.01 MC)

Which of the following occurs most often in a population when genetic variation and overproduction are present?

Some organisms have a lower reproductive success than others.

Some organisms have a higher reproductive success than others.

Some organisms have no reproductive success.

Some organisms do not have genetic variation.

Question 15(Multiple Choice Worth 3 points)
(05.06 LC)

When burning oil on the surface, what equipment is also used to contain the fire?

Booms

Front-end loader

Sorbents

Vacuums

Question 16(Multiple Choice Worth 3 points)
(05.01 MC)

What impact does sunlight have on the marine environment?

Light from the sun shows animals where they need to migrate.

Sunlight makes colors more visible, improving animal communication.

The heat from the sun increases the temperature of the water.

The water temperature is kept constant throughout different depths due to the sun.

Question 17(Multiple Choice Worth 3 points)
(05.04 LC)

What evidence could be used to convince policy makers to change a shipping lane from going through a whale breeding ground?

Information on the number of all whale species currently alive

Information on the number of all whales hit by boats in the given area

Information on the number of whale deaths in the world’s oceans

Information on the number of whale offspring born every year

Question 18(Multiple Choice Worth 3 points)
(06.03 LC)

Is oil a renewable or nonrenewable resource? Why?

Oil is a product that forms naturally, so it’s a renewable resource.

Oil is being formed much faster than it is being consumed, so it’s a renewable resource.

Oil is consumed more rapidly than it is being formed, so it’s a non-renewable resource.

Oil will no longer form on Earth, so it’s a non-renewable resource.

Question 19(Multiple Choice Worth 3 points)
(05.01 LC)

Which scenario describes a way that a biotic factor can impact a freshwater ecosystem?

A decrease in the bottom temperature of a lake can affect fish activity

A decrease in the salinity of an estuary can affect which fish can survive

An increase in a river fish population can increase competition

An increase in sunlight can increase the temperature

Question 20(Multiple Choice Worth 3 points)
(04.03 LC)

When predators consume prey that contain a toxic material, such as mercury, they may end up with a high quantity of the material in their bodies that can affect their populations and public health if they are consumed. What is this process called?

Biomagnification

Concentration

Expansion

Mutation

Question 21(Multiple Choice Worth 3 points)
(06.03 MC)

Hydrothermal vents are often rich in metals, such as copper, and also host dense populations of marine organisms. Which of the following is clearly a non-renewable resource: copper, crabs, and/or mussels?

All of them are completely non-renewable.

Copper and mussels are clearly non-renewable.

Copper is the most clearly non-renewable.

Mussels and crabs are the most clearly non-renewable.

Question 22(Multiple Choice Worth 3 points)
(04.03 HC)

After the devastating tsunami in Japan in 2011, the Fukushima nuclear power plant failed and released radioactive material into the ocean environment. How did exposure to this radiation impact the fish population in the surrounding area and the health of humans in the region?

Exposure to this radiation caused fish to become smaller in size, which could positively impact human health by providing more food sources

Exposure to this radiation altered the DNA of fish eggs and larvae as they try to reproduce, which would impact public health if people eat the fish.

Exposure to this radiation only impacted apex predators at the top of the food web, which would impact public health if people chose to only eat those predators.

Exposure to this radiation caused fish to become larger in size, which could positively impact human health by providing more food sources.

Question 23(Multiple Choice Worth 3 points)
(05.02 MC)

Why are saprotrophs so important to a marine food web?

They break down dead organisms and recycle nutrients.

They directly help to maintain the population sizes of different predators.

They primarily eliminate toxins from the water that can harm phytoplankton.

They produce significant amounts of energy that is used by top consumers.

Question 24(Multiple Choice Worth 3 points)
(04.05 LC)

Scientists use whale flukes, like the one shown, to identify individuals in a population. Which of the following characteristics of a whale fluke is a genetic variation passed on by their parents?

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Notches in the fluke

Organisms living on the fluke

Size of the fluke

Scars on the fluke

Question 25(Multiple Choice Worth 3 points)
(06.03 MC)

Why is it difficult to know the impacts of deep sea mining?

It has never been tried successfully, so we don’t know exactly how it can be done.

It is only done in environmentally sensitive areas, where the organisms are being harmed in many ways already, and it is difficult to know the effects of mining.

We know relatively little about deep sea ecosystems, making it harder to assess the impact of mining.

Most countries have laws against it, so the impacts have not been tested.

Question 26(Multiple Choice Worth 3 points)
(06.03 MC)

What benefits do wind turbines provide in the marine environment that oil rigs do not?

Cargo ships can travel between turbines.

The bases of turbines form artificial reefs.

Wind turbines provide a clean energy source.

Wind turbines don’t impact seabird populations.

Question 27(Multiple Choice Worth 3 points)
(04.04 LC)

Which of the following is defined as the location and density of a population in an area?

Composition

Distribution

Dynamics

Migration

Question 28(Multiple Choice Worth 3 points)
(04.01 MC)

Which statement best supports the fact that natural selection occurs in the marine environment?

Few marine organisms survive when the ocean environment is unstable.

Genetic mutations occur more frequently every time the ocean environment changes.

Advantageous traits become more common in each subsequent generation.

The fossil record provides a sample of every marine organism that has ever lived.

Question 29(Multiple Choice Worth 3 points)
(04.05 LC)

A scientist has done his background research and has designed an experiment to test a popular scientific theory. Which of the following should he do next?

Design the report

Know and follow the steps of the scientific method

Make tables and graphs of the data collected

Organize the data collected

Question 30(Multiple Choice Worth 3 points)
(05.04 LC)

There are many areas of science that experience debate. How can a scientist most effectively defend their position if they discuss a controversial topic?

They can alter their experimental results to fit the opinions of the community.

They can argue using critical thinking skills and data.

They can ignore any criticism that may occur.

They can re-analyze their data until they get a better accepted result.

Question 31(Multiple Choice Worth 3 points)
(04.03 MC)

The bacteria Vibrio vulnificus is sometimes released into the ocean by sewage pollution. This small bacterium is often eaten by filter feeders, such as oysters. What impact would you expect this to have on individuals that consumed oysters which had fed on the bacteria?

The bacteria would have a negative impact on the oysters but is harmless to humans.

The bacteria could cause infections in people who consume contaminated shellfish.

The bacteria could cause infections in people who do not have strong enough immune systems to fight off the bacteria, which could then be transmitted person to person.

The bacteria would not cause infections in any people because our immune systems are strong enough to fight off the bacteria.

Question 32(Multiple Choice Worth 3 points)
(06.01 LC)

What term describes tiny round beads of plastic that often pass through water filtration systems and end up in open water, where fish and other marine life mistake them for food?

Microbeads

Mini-beads

Plastic sand

Tiny beads

Question 33(Essay Worth 5 points)
(05.06 HC)

Oil spills are a major environmental concern, so tools have been developed to help respond to oil spills effectively. Responders use tools such as Environmental Sensitivity Index (ESI) maps to show which coastal areas are at greatest risk from an oil spill and the Chemical Aquatic Fate and Effects (CAFE) database to provide information about what happens when particular chemicals get into the environment. Explain how tools such as these are useful in responding to an oil spill, including how they help responders make a plan and how they reduce the environmental impact of the spill.

Question 34(Essay Worth 5 points)
(06.04 HC)

You are a graduate student at Louisiana State University doing research on the use of wetlands to treat domestic waste water (sewage). During your research, you have found that wetlands generally reduce nitrogen content by as much as 70 percent and phosphorus by up to 90 percent. While at a department picnic, you find yourself in a conversation with an individual interested in the summer dead zone that forms in the Gulf of Mexico. Make an argument for restoring wetlands in the Mississippi River drainage basin as a strategy to reduce the size and severity of the dead zone.

Question 35(Essay Worth 5 points)
(06.04 HC)

As a fishery scientist, you notice that very few cod fish have been caught in the past year. You still see very young and larval cod fish in the water, but very few adults. Explain three actions you would include in a plan for the recovery of the cod fish. Explain how you would need to address the Tragedy of the Commons to encourage those using the resource to use it appropriately.