20 May work backward#2
Despite its commercial success, Nike’s famous Just Do It slogan is rather lacking when it comes to achievement motivation. Sounding more like a command from a position of authority, the sentiment does not give an athlete any ownership beyond the performance. Achievement motivation is not as simple. It is an athlete’s force of concentration and work combined with their reason for meeting and realizing whatever level of goal they have set (American Public University System, 2016). Hamilton (n.d.) added an emphasis on extended time for his definition of the motivational part, indicating reaching for athletic achievement involves an extended commitment beyond just doing it.
More than a command to get out there and perform, achievement motivation is unique to the athlete. Because motivation is interactional, it is dependent on individual personality and the influences of outside forces on chosen goals, and it is not merely the result of being lucky enough to be born with good genetic material for sports (American Public University System, 2016; HarperCollins, 2010). Achievement motivation is further refined by four theories based on competitiveness, attributions, the need for achievement, and goal type (American Public University System, 2016). Competitive motivation prompts many golfers to participate in charity events without real performance pressures, whereas attribution theory explains why Formula One driver, Ayrton Senna, continued to excel in rainy conditions due to his established notable successes in those situations. The theory on need achievement of achievement motivation is complex, involving the combinations of individual response with who, what, and where. The successful combination of task and outcome oriented goals is possible under achievement goal theory, which is currently showcased by another group of amazing Olympians. Ultimately, athletes and coaches have to work together to keep achievement motivation focused and moving forward toward a mutually agreed finish line.
References
American Public University System. (2016). Achievement motivation and attributions. Retrieved from https://edge.apus.edu/access/content/group/health-sciences-common/Universal/PSYC/460/elf/lesson-2/elf_index.html
Hamilton, A. (n.d.). The motivational dynamics of sport. Retrieved from https://www.peakendur ancesport.com/endurance-psychology/coping-with-emotions/motivation-sports-psychology/
HarperCollins [bookarmy]. (2010, April 19). Bounce-how champions are made, Matt Syed [Video file]. Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=I1K6bOG8mj8
Part #2
As I write this, my husband is watching the Olympics in the background as a brilliant example of the lengths to which motivation can take an athlete and how understanding what drives motivation is beneficial in order prepare adequately and succeed. Achievement motivation is an explanation of the reasons behind behavior specifically surrounding the effort an athlete puts out to achieve their goal. It is what drives an athlete towards success and keeps them going even when faced with hurdles. An athlete’s need for this drive is characteristic of achievement motivation.
There are a few other theories that expand of achievement motivation and try to help explain or identify certain characteristics in an athlete’s behavior that help tailor an approach to sport for behaviors, or even help adjust/alter behaviors to better fit an athlete and motivate to succeed. These theories, specifically the need achievement theory, help determine how an athlete’s preference for certain tasks or routines and how they affect the outcome of performance and development. Recognizing these behaviors can help professionals working with the athlete, like the coach or trainer, to implement activities which challenge the athlete and promote flow, like a wrestler being paired with another wrestlers of similar weight and skill. Studying how an athlete responds to success of failure may also be beneficial in order to adjust training approaches, such as a wrestler being paired with a wrestler of higher skill and not being successful, observing whether the loss motivates the athlete to push harder or lowers motivation can help set up the next match for whichever is more effective. How an athlete sees themselves and their level of skill and how competent they feel in the activity also plays a major role in fostering achievement motivation.
These observations help explain how athletes may become motivated and what may be effective as training methods to intrinsically motivate them as well as better mold extrinsic methods to improve motivation. All of the Olympic athletes have gone through rigorous training for years and know themselves and their support team in and out which aids them in focus, effort, and, of course, motivation.
-Yesenia Masters
Works Cited
Orbach, I., Singer, R., & Price, S. (1999). An Attribution Training Program and Achievement in Sport. Sport Psychologist, 13(1), 69
Part #3
Achievement motivation can best be defined as a tendency to strive for success, persistence in the face of potential failure, and to experience pride in accomplishments. This type of motivation is defined by a person’s efforts to master a task, achieve excellence, overcome obstacles, perform better than others, and take pride in exercising talent. Achievement motivation when it comes to sports is also known as competitiveness. As someone who is hyper-competitive I can understand the eagerness in wanting to be the very best at something and everything. I am in fact so competitive at times I can compete against myself. Set goals and then try to best them. There are fiver theories that explain what motivates a person to act; Need achievement theory, attribution theory, achievement goal theory, self-determination theory, and competence motivation theory. Need achievement is defined as an interactional view that considers personal and situational factors as behavior predictors. This is the type of motivation that has to deal with personality traits, whether we seek to avoid failures, are high achievers or low achievers. For example, competing against someone where you know you have 50/50 chance of winning. It challenges you but also offers more incentive for achievement. Attribution theory focuses on how we explain our success and failures, like locus of causality and locus of control. I say I won the basketball game because I have incredible basketball skills, and really put in my all throughout the game, but ground down in the 4th quarter. Achievement goal theory, my father is extremely competitive as well, so this instilled it in me at a young age. He constantly reinforced to me that I should be beating my own scores on tests, in sports, and at play. It is planning on achieving goals where I could focus on comparing myself to myself, improving my performance from a past experience. I still do it to this day, I set a personal goal and then try to best it. Competence motivation theory is used to explain differences in achievement, primarily in children. When athletes perceptions of control over whether they can learn and perform skills dictates their self-worth and competence, thereby influencing their motivation.
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