13 Jul WRITE AN IN-DEPTH CRITICAL APPRAISAL OF A SINGLE KEY STUDY THAT ADDRESSES YOUR RESEARCH QUESTION.
Please choose any topic in Public Health and Health Promotion
The assessment of this Module comprises a written assignment of 4000 words (50% pass mark)
Submission date for semester 1 is: Monday the 8th of January 2018
Students are encouraged to be innovative where necessary, demonstrating the ability to solve problems, to respond to new and unfamiliar challenges, using an imaginative approach in taking full advantage of new opportunities to critically appraise relevant research evidence pertaining to their area of health or social care practice.
The assignment is made up of TWO parts.
1. Write a review of the literature in an appropriate topic that relates to your area of practice. In order to do this you will need to identify a topic and then undertake a literature search to find the material for your review. (Any topic in Public Health and Health promotion).
2. Write an in-depth critical appraisal of a single key study that addresses your research question. Reflect on any relevant practice, research and ethical issues.
3. Choose 12 articles to critical analysis but use 40 references in the entire paper and
hand in one research article you use for your critical appraisal.
Assessment Guide TAR-7-011 (2017-18) or outlines for writing the paper.
Students undertaking this assignment will be required to have accumulated evidence that addresses their chosen problem or interest. Given that critical appraisal is the process of evaluating the quality of evidence, students will need to comment on the overall quality of the methods used and evidence resulting from the research papers included in the literature review.
Students will then be required to critically appraise in some depth the particular methods used in a single study that has generated evidence to inform practice. This should be a primary research study and will be chosen by the student from the body of literature that they have collected. This could be a questionnaire survey or an experiment such as a clinical trial. In this way students will be evaluating the design and process of a piece of research in addition to merely considering the outcome (findings, conclusions). Students will be required to comment on the appropriateness of the methods used and on any perceived strengths and weaknesses of particular methods including how outcomes were chosen and how they were measured.
Students may like to consider the following points when critically appraising a piece of research:
Was the work original? If not, did it still constitute an important addition to the knowledge? Who was included in the study, how were they selected and recruited? Who was excluded from the study and why? Was the study undertaken in a realistic (true to life setting) or was it in a highly controlled environment?
Was the study design feasible/sensible/appropriate?
Were appropriate outcomes chosen? How were the outcomes measured?
Were outcome measures tested for reliability and validity?
Were appropriate levels / type of data collected?
Were data analysed appropriately, for example were correct statistical tests used?
Did the study include information on those participants who dropped out – for example the reasons why?
Did the authors’ conclusions accurately reflect their findings or were they being over optimistic?
Subsequent to this, students should comment on the extent to which the research question has been addressed, whether additional research may be required and to suggest in general terms how any future research may be carried out.
The format for the assignment might be as follows: (This is a guide and should not be considered as the definitive format)
Introduction / Background
Introduce the subject area – the interest or problem or puzzle related to an area of practice that leads to the research question. Describe the area in enough detail so as to provide an adequate explanation to those who may not be overly familiar with the area of practice. Provide some background information as rationale for the research question.Research Question
Clearly state what the research question is. Remember to present this as a question and not a statement.
Define Terms
Give clear definitions of terms used, particularly when there is potential for ambiguity or misinterpretation. For example: ‘For the purposes of this critical appraisal certain terms are defined as follows:…..
Where possible provide references to support your definitions.
Literature Search Method
Describe how your literature was collected. For example: ‘A review of the English language literature on ……….was undertaken. Searches for publications on ………were made of Medline, The British Nursing Index, Social Services Abstracts, journals, books, papers from conferences, relevant national and international organisations, reference lists and any other form of relevant references that were encountered. For the Medline, Social Services Abstracts and British Nursing Index searches the following terms were entered: ………… Specific subject headings under which searches were made were:……………. The last electronic search was undertaken on ….2012.
A summary of the results of the literature search, including a record of what was found and what was selected for critical appraisal should be provided as an appendix.
Critical Appraisal of Literature
Critically appraise the literature commenting on the overall quality of the research generated evidence. The overall quality of the methods used, the evidence presented and the conclusions arrived at by the authors of the reviewed literature will need to be evaluated with regard to feasibility and appropriateness.
Undertake an in-depth critical appraisal of a chosen key paper reporting on a single study. Justification and rationale for this choice should be provided. For example, this could be based upon the date of publication (ie very recent), the sample size, the robustness of the methods, the type of data collected, the appropriateness of any statistical tests applied to data, the quality of the outcomes, the reliability and validity of the outcome measures, or how convincing the results / findings are, or to what extent practice has been influenced by these.
Conclusions and Recommendations
Comment on the generalizability and applicability of the critiqued evidence to the particular area of practice. Return to the research question and provide an opinion as to what extent it has been answered, to what degree the findings of the critical appraisal adequately inform the problem or area of interest. Comment as to whether additional research may be required and suggest in general terms how this research may be carried out in the future. For example, the feasibility of such work, whether it needs to be qualitative, quantitative, combined method, who might do it, whether it should be collaborative (such as multidisciplinary) and who might be expected to fund this work. Reflect on any relevant practice, research and ethical issues pertaining to the above sections
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